What is the Primary Function of Cellular Respiration? Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of fermentation in cellular respiration?

To split triglycerides into glycogen and fatty acids

To recycle NADH back to NAD+ for glycolysis to continue (correct)

To generate NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain

To convert amino acids into glucose

Which of the following molecules can be used as an alternate substrate for cellular respiration when glucose is not available?

Triglycerides

Amino acids

Both amino acids and triglycerides (correct)

Neither amino acids nor triglycerides

What is the purpose of the deamination process when using amino acids as an alternate substrate for cellular respiration?

To convert the amino acids into glucose

To remove the nitrogen from the amino acids (correct)

To generate NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain

To split the amino acids into glycogen and fatty acids

When triglycerides are used as an alternate substrate for cellular respiration, what are the two main products that can be used for energy production?

Glycogen and acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of using amino acids or triglycerides as alternate substrates for cellular respiration?

Conversion of acetyl-CoA into glucose through gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

If the electron transport chain is blocked at complex III, what would be the expected effect on ATP production?

ATP production would decrease due to a lack of proton gradient formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the investment phase of glycolysis?

To invest energy in the form of ATP to prepare the glucose molecule for later energy extraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT required for the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

To pump hydrogen ions (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton motive force Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

If the electron transport chain is inhibited, which process(es) can still occur to produce ATP?

Glycolysis and fermentation Signup and view all the answers

In which process does substrate-level phosphorylation occur during cellular respiration?

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

To oxidize acetyl-CoA and produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

To transfer high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of ATP synthesis driven by the proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Chemiosmosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fermentation and Cellular Respiration

Fermentation recycles NADH back to NAD+ to maintain glycolysis.
Fermentation is involved in the catabolism of glucose to produce ATP.

Alternate Substrates for Cellular Respiration

Amino acids can be converted into glucose, acetyl-CoA, or citric acid cycle intermediates after deamination.
Triglycerides can be split into glycogen and fatty acids, which can be converted into acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2 through beta-oxidation.

Cellular Respiration Overview

Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP using substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation.
The three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, followed by oxidative phosphorylation.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, using glucose as its preferred substrate.
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP (net, via substrate-level phosphorylation), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.
Contrast the investment and payoff phases in glycolysis.

Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle

The two pyruvates from glycolysis are imported into the mitochondria via pyruvate oxidation, producing 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, and 2 CO2.
The 2 acetyl-CoA enter the citric acid cycle, producing 2 ATP (via substrate-level phosphorylation), 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

In the mitochondrial matrix, NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle donate high-energy electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC).
The ETC uses the energy to pump H+ into the intermembrane space, generating proton motive force (PMF) across the inner membrane.
The flow of hydrogen ions back across the inner membrane powers the production of ATP by the enzyme complex ATP synthase through chemiosmosis.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of generating ATP through the ETC coupled to chemiosmosis in the mitochondria.

Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis

The electron transport chain is the process of transferring electrons from high-energy donors to oxygen, generating PMF.
The components required for oxidative phosphorylation in the three compartments around the mitochondrial inner membrane are:
- Inner membrane: electron transport chain and ATP synthase
- Intermembrane space: hydrogen ions
- Mitochondrial matrix: NADH, FADH2, and ATP synthase
The role of each component in the process is:
- Electron transport chain: generates PMF
- ATP synthase: produces ATP through chemiosmosis
- Hydrogen ions: drive ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis

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Test your knowledge on the process of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and ATP production through substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation.

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