Cellular Respiration Processes and Pathways

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy, while anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones and consume energy.

What is oxidation-reduction?

A chemical reaction in which an atom or ion loses electrons to another atom or ion.

When a molecule is oxidized, what does it mean?

Electrons are lost.

What organelle does respiration take place?

Mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 steps of aerobic cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. Signup and view all the answers

Where does each step of aerobic cellular respiration take place?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol; the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain take place in the mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

Where is most ATP made?

A majority of ATP is produced in the Electron Transport Chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Substrate-level phosphorylation produces ATP via the transfer of a phosphate group, while oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using a proton gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

1 molecule of glucose, 2 molecules of NAD-, and 2 molecules of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 molecules of NADH, and 4 molecules of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?

The 2 molecules of pyruvic acid from glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of the Electron Transport Chain?

Oxygen and ADP. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the Electron Transport Chain?

ATP, oxidized NAD+ ions, H2O. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a phosphorylated molecule?

It can activate or deactivate the protein by changing the overall shape of the molecule. Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen so important in cellular respiration?

Oxygen is the electron acceptor in cellular respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP synthase and what is its importance in cellular respiration?

It is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP using energy and is linked to the Electron Transport System through the proton-motive force. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metabolic Pathways

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler compounds, releasing energy in the process.
Anabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones, consuming energy to do so.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation-reduction, or redox reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between atoms or ions.
In a redox reaction, one atom or ion loses electrons while another gains them.

Oxidation of Molecules

Oxidation refers to the process of losing electrons from a molecule.

Cellular Respiration Location

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell.

Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Three main steps: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

Locations of Respiration Steps

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of the cell.
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain take place within the mitochondria.

ATP Production

The majority of ATP is produced during the Electron Transport Chain.

Phosphorylation Types

Substrate-level phosphorylation generates ATP through the direct transfer of a phosphate group.
Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP via the energy produced from electron transport.

Glycolysis Reactants and Products

Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 NAD+, and 2 ATP.
Products: 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP.

Krebs Cycle Reactants and Products

Reactants: 2 molecules of pyruvic acid derived from glycolysis.
Products: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Reactants and Products

Reactants: Oxygen and ADP.
Products: ATP, oxidized NAD+ ions, and water (H2O).

Role of Phosphorylation

A phosphorylated molecule can alter protein function by changing its shape, leading to activation or deactivation.

Importance of Oxygen

Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, essential for effective energy production.

ATP Synthase Function

ATP synthase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP utilizing energy from proton gradients.
It plays a crucial role by linking to the electron transport system through the proton-motive force, facilitating the influx of protons into mitochondria.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of cellular respiration through this quiz. Understand the distinctions between catabolic and anabolic pathways, and delve into oxidation-reduction reactions. Test your knowledge on the steps of aerobic respiration and the locations of key processes within the cell.