Questions and Answers
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?
Catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy, while anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones and consume energy.
What is oxidation-reduction?
A chemical reaction in which an atom or ion loses electrons to another atom or ion.
When a molecule is oxidized, what does it mean?
Electrons are lost.
What organelle does respiration take place?
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What are the 3 steps of aerobic cellular respiration?
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Where does each step of aerobic cellular respiration take place?
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Where is most ATP made?
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What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
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What are the reactants of glycolysis?
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What are the products of glycolysis?
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What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?
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What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
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What are the reactants of the Electron Transport Chain?
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What are the products of the Electron Transport Chain?
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What happens to a phosphorylated molecule?
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Why is oxygen so important in cellular respiration?
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What is ATP synthase and what is its importance in cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Metabolic Pathways
- Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler compounds, releasing energy in the process.
- Anabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones, consuming energy to do so.
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- Oxidation-reduction, or redox reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between atoms or ions.
- In a redox reaction, one atom or ion loses electrons while another gains them.
Oxidation of Molecules
- Oxidation refers to the process of losing electrons from a molecule.
Cellular Respiration Location
- Respiration occurs in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell.
Steps of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
- Three main steps: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Locations of Respiration Steps
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of the cell.
- The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain take place within the mitochondria.
ATP Production
- The majority of ATP is produced during the Electron Transport Chain.
Phosphorylation Types
- Substrate-level phosphorylation generates ATP through the direct transfer of a phosphate group.
- Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP via the energy produced from electron transport.
Glycolysis Reactants and Products
- Reactants: 1 molecule of glucose, 2 NAD+, and 2 ATP.
- Products: 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP.
Krebs Cycle Reactants and Products
- Reactants: 2 molecules of pyruvic acid derived from glycolysis.
- Products: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Reactants and Products
- Reactants: Oxygen and ADP.
- Products: ATP, oxidized NAD+ ions, and water (H2O).
Role of Phosphorylation
- A phosphorylated molecule can alter protein function by changing its shape, leading to activation or deactivation.
Importance of Oxygen
- Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, essential for effective energy production.
ATP Synthase Function
- ATP synthase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP utilizing energy from proton gradients.
- It plays a crucial role by linking to the electron transport system through the proton-motive force, facilitating the influx of protons into mitochondria.
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Description
Explore the intricate processes of cellular respiration through this quiz. Understand the distinctions between catabolic and anabolic pathways, and delve into oxidation-reduction reactions. Test your knowledge on the steps of aerobic respiration and the locations of key processes within the cell.