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Questions and Answers
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes
When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion), the molecule becomes
When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion), the molecule becomes
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
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An electron loses potential energy when it
An electron loses potential energy when it
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Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?
Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?
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During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is
During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is
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In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
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Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?
Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?
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Starting with one molecule of glucose, the net products of glycolysis are
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the net products of glycolysis are
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In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,
In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,
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A molecule that is phosphorylated:
A molecule that is phosphorylated:
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Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
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Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?
Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?
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Study Notes
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- A glucose molecule becomes oxidized when it loses a hydrogen atom during oxidation-reduction reactions.
- NAD+ is reduced when it gains a hydrogen atom, contributing to cellular respiration.
Glycolysis Overview
- ATP is produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation.
- The end products of glycolysis include 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O.
Role of Oxygen
- Oxygen is directly involved in accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.
Electron Energy and Metabolism
- Electrons lose potential energy when shifting to more electronegative atoms, driving metabolic processes.
- Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods due to the abundance of electrons associated with hydrogen atoms.
Energy Retention in Glycolysis
- Most of the energy from glucose catabolism is retained in pyruvate during glycolysis.
- Despite significant energy potential, only two molecules of NADH are generated due to energy retention in pyruvate.
Glycolysis Phases
- Glycolysis consists of an investment phase that utilizes 2 ATP and a payoff phase that produces 4 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP.
Phosphorylation
- Phosphorylation increases a molecule's chemical reactivity, preparing it for cellular work.
Metabolic Inhibitors
- Metabolic poisons that mimic glucose structure but are not metabolized can directly interfere with glycolysis.
Energy Balance in Glycolysis
- From one molecule of glucose, 2 ATP are consumed, and 4 ATP are produced during glycolysis, resulting in a net increase.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Biology Chapter 9 with these flashcards. Explore terms related to cellular respiration, oxidation-reduction reactions, and ATP generation. Perfect for students preparing for exams or wanting to reinforce their understanding.
