Cellular Respiration Overview

Study Notes

Overview of Respiration

Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts
It involves the breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell

Stages of Respiration

Glycolysis: conversion of glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
Electron Transport Chain: transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, producing 32-34 ATP
Fermentation: alternative to citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, occurs in absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol

Cellular Respiration

Aerobic Respiration: occurs in presence of oxygen, producing 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule
Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in absence of oxygen, producing 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Respiratory Organelles

Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration, where energy from glucose is converted into ATP
Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis, where energy from light is converted into glucose

Regulation of Respiration

Feedback Inhibition: regulation of respiration by ATP, ADP, and NADH concentration
Hormonal Regulation: regulation of respiration by hormones such as insulin and glucagon

Importance of Respiration

Energy Generation: provides energy for cellular activities
Cellular Maintenance: maintains cellular homeostasis and function
Supports Metabolic Processes: supports metabolic processes such as biosynthesis and catabolism

Description

Learn about the process of cellular respiration, including its stages, regulation, and importance in generating energy for cellular activities. Understand the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the role of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Test your knowledge of cellular respiration!