C3 - Cellular Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is available?

  • It undergoes fermentation.
  • It is converted to lactate.
  • It enters the mitochondria for aerobic respiration. (correct)
  • It is converted directly to glucose.

What molecule does acetyl CoA bond with before entering the Krebs Cycle?

  • ADP
  • NAD+
  • Coenzyme A (CoA) (correct)
  • FAD

How many molecules of NADH are produced from one molecule of acetyl CoA during the Krebs Cycle?

  • 4
  • 5
  • 3 (correct)
  • 2

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

<p>To produce the majority of ATP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the Krebs Cycle, and what recognition did he receive?

<p>Hans Adolf Krebs; a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

<p>It is the final electron acceptor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane during aerobic cellular respiration?

<p>Electron Transport Chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generated when hydrogen ions move through ATP synthase?

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed as a by-product when oxygen accepts electrons in the ETC?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?

<p>The presence of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration in cells?

<p>To break down glucose and release energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is produced as a byproduct of aerobic respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the mitochondria?

<p>Krebs cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is produced through anaerobic respiration?

<p>2 ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH in cellular respiration?

<p>They store reducing power for ATP synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

<p>Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

<p>Cytoplasm only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism primarily relies on fermentation processes?

<p>Bacteria that sour milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of glycolysis?

<p>To split glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose that makes it suitable as an energy supply molecule?

<p>Low solubility in water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP produced during glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?

<p>It is reduced to NADH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Kreb's cycle?

<p>It involves oxidation reactions and occurs in the mitochondria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of aerobic respiration is glucose first broken down?

<p>Glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a high-energy compound produced at the end of glycolysis?

<p>Pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is glycolysis categorized as?

<p>Anaerobic reaction occurring in the cytoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaerobic respiration when oxygen is unavailable?

<p>Different inorganic chemicals act as electron acceptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes fermentation?

<p>It generates ATP primarily during glycolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main by-product of ethanol fermentation?

<p>Alcohol (ethanol) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During lactate fermentation, what is pyruvate converted into?

<p>Lactate/lactic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do muscles experience cramps after intense exercise?

<p>Because of the buildup of lactic acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cellular Respiration

The process where plants and animals break down glucose to release energy.

Aerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen and produces a high energy yield (36 ATP).

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen and produces less energy (2 ATP).

Glycolysis

The first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, breaking down glucose into smaller molecules.

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Krebs Cycle

A stage in aerobic respiration that further oxidizes the molecules produced during glycolysis to release more energy and reducing power.

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Mitochondria

The organelle where cellular respiration occurs.

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ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; a form of chemical energy used by cells.

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Fermentation

A modified form of anaerobic respiration used by organisms like yeast and bacteria.

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Pyruvate Fate

Pyruvate's path depends on oxygen availability. With oxygen, it enters mitochondria for aerobic respiration; without oxygen, it goes through fermentation.

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Acetyl CoA

A molecule formed from pyruvate, which enters the Krebs cycle.

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Electron Transport Chain

The final stage of cellular respiration, where most ATP is produced by electron passing through membrane carriers.

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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to acceptors, generating an electrochemical gradient used to produce ATP.

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ATP Synthase

A protein complex in the membrane that generates ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy from the proton gradient.

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Chemiosmosis

The process of ATP production using the energy of an electrochemical gradient of protons.

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Final Electron Acceptor (ETC)

Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water.

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Aerobic Respiration Stages

Cellular respiration with oxygen involves Glycolysis, Prep+Krebs Cycle and ETC.

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Glucose's role in energy

Glucose is a high-energy, small, soluble molecule ideal for transporting energy within cells.

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Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A process producing energy by transferring electrons from glucose and oxygen.

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Glycolysis ATP net gain

Glycolysis produces 4 ATP but consumes 2, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP.

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ATP's importance

Cells use ATP for energy. It has low energy per molecule, so larger molecules like glucose are needed for more energy.

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Pyruvate

High-energy 3-carbon compound, a product of glycolysis, used in subsequent steps of cellular respiration.

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Three stages of aerobic respiration

Glycolysis, Prep and Kreb’s Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain are the three main stages of aerobic respiration

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What is anaerobic respiration?

A metabolic process where organisms produce energy without oxygen. It's less efficient than aerobic respiration, yielding less ATP.

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What are electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?

In anaerobic respiration, organisms use inorganic molecules like sulfate, nitrate, or carbon dioxide as final electron acceptors instead of oxygen.

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What is fermentation?

Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that produces ATP without oxygen. It's only efficient in glycolysis, producing less ATP compared to aerobic respiration.

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What happens during lactate fermentation?

Cells temporarily without oxygen convert pyruvate to lactate (lactic acid). It uses NADH and produces lactate, which converts back to pyruvate when oxygen returns, continuing the aerobic process.

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What is ethanol fermentation?

Some organisms produce ethanol (alcohol) as a byproduct when they run out of oxygen. This process involves converting pyruvate to a 2-carbon molecule, then reducing it using NADH.

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