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Questions and Answers
What is produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
What is produced during glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
What is the role of NADH in glycolysis?
In the process of cellular respiration, what is released as a byproduct?
In the process of cellular respiration, what is released as a byproduct?
Which stage of cellular respiration occurs without oxygen?
Which stage of cellular respiration occurs without oxygen?
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Which of the following best describes aerobic fermentation?
Which of the following best describes aerobic fermentation?
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What is one main product of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
What is one main product of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
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What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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What occurs during the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
What occurs during the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
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Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen. This process occurs in the mitochondria.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
The first stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm. It breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon compound.
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria. It breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide, producing some ATP and electron carriers.
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Granum
Granum
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Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Dependent Reactions
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Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the final stage of energy release in both plant and animal cells.
- It occurs in the mitochondria.
- One gram of glucose (C6H12O6) releases 3811 calories of energy.
- Glucose breakdown does not directly "burn" glucose; it releases energy from glucose.
- The process begins with glucose, releasing a small amount of energy.
Cellular Respiration – Oxygen Needed
- Cellular respiration breaks down food to release energy in the presence of oxygen.
- The equation is: O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
- This process involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules (3-carbon compounds).
- It is an energy-releasing process.
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is used at the beginning of glycolysis.
- Glycolysis produces two NADH molecules and yields two ATP molecules.
Fermentation (No Oxygen)
- Aerobic Fermentation: Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + CO2 + NAD.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Pyruvic acid + NADH → Lactic acid + NAD.
- These processes occur when there is no oxygen available.
- Lactic acid fermentation and aerobic fermentation both produce NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis to continue.
Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts contain thylakoids (sac-like structures).
- A stack of thylakoids is called a granum.
- Chlorophyll and other pigments arrange to form photosystems.
- In Photosynthesis, Light energy is captured by chlorophyll and water.
Photosynthesis - Light-Dependent Reactions
- Light-dependent reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes.
- Oxygen is released.
- ADP and NADP+ are converted to ATP and NADPH.
Photosynthesis - Light-Independent Reactions
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma.
- ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions are used to build sugars.
- Sugars are high-energy compounds.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Water availability
- Temperature
- Light intensity
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Description
This quiz covers the essential processes of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Learn how glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Test your understanding of how cellular respiration functions in both plant and animal cells.
