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Questions and Answers
What is the main role of plastocyanin in the electron transport chain?
What is the main role of plastocyanin in the electron transport chain?
Which process begins the Calvin cycle?
Which process begins the Calvin cycle?
In the process of electron transport, what effect does the downhill movement of H+ ions have?
In the process of electron transport, what effect does the downhill movement of H+ ions have?
How are G3P molecules utilized in the Calvin cycle?
How are G3P molecules utilized in the Calvin cycle?
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Which statement accurately describes a similarity between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Which statement accurately describes a similarity between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?
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What are the net products of glycolysis?
What are the net products of glycolysis?
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What is the initial step that pyruvate must undergo before entering the Krebs cycle?
What is the initial step that pyruvate must undergo before entering the Krebs cycle?
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During the Krebs cycle, which of the following molecules is formed when acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate?
During the Krebs cycle, which of the following molecules is formed when acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate?
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What is produced during the transition reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
What is produced during the transition reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
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Which process involves the passive return of H+ ions into the mitochondrial matrix?
Which process involves the passive return of H+ ions into the mitochondrial matrix?
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Which of the following occurs in the electron transport chain?
Which of the following occurs in the electron transport chain?
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What stage of photosynthesis is similar to the oxidative processes described in cellular respiration?
What stage of photosynthesis is similar to the oxidative processes described in cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate
- Enzymes used in glycolysis: Hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase
- Mnemonic for enzyme order: "H E P UT THE P HONE A ND TRI ED TO G ET THE P LASTIC P LATE TO E AT P IE"
- Net products of glycolysis: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Transition Reaction
- Pyruvate, a three-carbon molecule, must be oxidized to acetyl-CoA
- Occurs in the mitochondrion under aerobic conditions.
- Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
- Produces CO2 and NADH
Krebs Cycle
- Oxidizes pyruvate molecules to produce energy
- Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate
- Subsequent oxidation produces CO2, NADH, and FADH2
- Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) enter the electron transport chain
Electron Transport Chain
- Oxidizes NADH and FADH2
- Releases electrons that pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the matrix to the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis
- H+ passively returns to the matrix via ATP synthase
- This movement powers ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
Photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Reactions
- Absorbs radiant energy from the sun via chlorophyll
- Excitation of electrons in photosystem II (PSII) moves them to the reaction center and electron transport complexes
- Electron transport pumps H+ from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen
- H+ movement drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase
- Plastocyanin transfers low-energy electrons to photosystem I (PSI)
- PSI re-excites electrons via solar energy absorption
- Electrons move to ferredoxin and NADP reductase, reducing NADP+ to NADPH
Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle
- Utilizes ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) using RuBisCO
- Produces 3-PGA, which is reduced by ATP and NADPH to form G3P
- G3P used to produce glucose and regenerate RuBP
Cellular Respiration vs Photosynthesis (Similarities)
- Both involve redox reactions and ATP synthesis from electron flow through protein complexes and ADP phosphorylation
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Description
This quiz covers the key processes of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the transition reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Learn about the enzymes involved, the products generated, and how these steps contribute to energy production in cells.
