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Questions and Answers
What step describes how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration?
What step describes how food molecules reach the body's cells and fuel cellular respiration?
Eating food provides fuel and building blocks for your body.
What happens after food is broken down in the digestive system?
What happens after food is broken down in the digestive system?
It is transported to cells via the circulatory system.
What processes occur to fuel molecules in cellular respiration?
What processes occur to fuel molecules in cellular respiration?
Fuel molecules are broken down further in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
How is ATP produced in cellular respiration?
How is ATP produced in cellular respiration?
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
Which statement describes glycolysis?
Which statement describes glycolysis?
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, how many NADH enter the electron transport chain?
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, how many NADH enter the electron transport chain?
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
At the end of glycolysis, what do the original carbons of the glucose molecule form?
At the end of glycolysis, what do the original carbons of the glucose molecule form?
All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is:
All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is:
During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?
During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?
Why do cells convert the energy stored in the bonds of glucose into energy stored in the bonds of ATP?
Why do cells convert the energy stored in the bonds of glucose into energy stored in the bonds of ATP?
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.
In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.
If glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions, then pyruvate:
If glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions, then pyruvate:
Chemiosmosis in mitochondria directly results in the synthesis of:
Chemiosmosis in mitochondria directly results in the synthesis of:
Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?
Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?
You want to lose weight. Which of the following combinations would likely work best?
You want to lose weight. Which of the following combinations would likely work best?
According to this study, which of the following would be best to avoid if you want to lose weight?
According to this study, which of the following would be best to avoid if you want to lose weight?
Which of the following is true?
Which of the following is true?
According to this study, which of the following is true?
According to this study, which of the following is true?
What effect does watching television have on weight?
What effect does watching television have on weight?
For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must:
For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they shift from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must:
What molecule is common to both C3 photosynthesis and the process of glycolysis?
What molecule is common to both C3 photosynthesis and the process of glycolysis?
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.
The step in aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose is:
The step in aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose is:
Where have the carbon atoms originally present in glucose gone after the Krebs cycle has been completed?
Where have the carbon atoms originally present in glucose gone after the Krebs cycle has been completed?
Which of the following is a proper description of the path of hydrogen ions during the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?
Which of the following is a proper description of the path of hydrogen ions during the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis?
What reactants are always necessary to make NADH during the energy extraction reactions?
What reactants are always necessary to make NADH during the energy extraction reactions?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for:
The inner membrane of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for:
Why is respiration a better method than fermentation for extracting energy from glucose?
Why is respiration a better method than fermentation for extracting energy from glucose?
The insecticide rotenone inhibits one of the steps of the electron transport system in mitochondria. What is a likely immediate result?
The insecticide rotenone inhibits one of the steps of the electron transport system in mitochondria. What is a likely immediate result?
As a bicyclist pedals up a hill to the finish line of a race and 'feels the burn' in his leg muscles, those muscle cells are most likely utilizing:
As a bicyclist pedals up a hill to the finish line of a race and 'feels the burn' in his leg muscles, those muscle cells are most likely utilizing:
Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Eating food provides essential fuel and building blocks for the body.
- Food molecules are transported to cells through the circulatory system after digestion.
- Fuel molecules undergo further breakdown in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle).
Steps of Cellular Respiration
- ATP Production: ATP is produced utilizing the electron transport chain.
- Energy Extraction Sequence: Correct order for energy extraction from glucose is glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain.
Cellular Respiration Equations and Processes
- General Equation: Cellular respiration can be represented as C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy.
- Glycolysis: This process occurs in the cytosol and splits glucose, producing 2 ATP per glucose.
- Citric Acid Cycle: Takes place in the mitochondria, producing ATP and CO2.
Enzymatic Processes
- Electron Transport Chain Function: Uses energy from electrons to generate most ATP during respiration.
- Energy and NADH: For each glucose molecule entering glycolysis, 10 NADH molecules enter the electron transport chain.
ATP Production Mechanisms
- Oxidative Phosphorylation: Most ATP produced in cellular respiration occurs through this process.
- Energy for Oxidative Phosphorylation: Derived from the kinetic energy of hydrogen ions diffusing down their concentration gradient.
Mitochondrial Processes
- Acetyl CoA Formation: Occurs in mitochondria along with the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.
- Hydrogen Ion Movement: During electron transport, hydrogen ions are pumped into the intermembrane space, then flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase.
Glycolysis Specifics
- NADH Production: Glycolysis produces 2 NADH per glucose.
- ATP Generation: ATP is generated in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATPs.
Effects of Behavior on Weight
- Healthy Weight Loss: Eating healthy foods like nuts and whole wheat bread while maintaining quality sleep promotes weight loss.
- Impact of Activities: Physical activity has less impact on weight compared to dietary choices.
- Avoidance for Weight Loss: French fries should be avoided to lose weight.
Fermentation and Anaerobic Processes
- Byproducts of Fermentation: In muscle cells, fermentation leads to the production of lactate and NAD+.
- Glycolysis in Anaerobic Conditions: Bacteria increase glycolysis rates when shifting from aerobic to anaerobic environments.
Comparisons and Conversions
- Comparison of Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Respiration is more efficient in extracting energy than fermentation as it utilizes pyruvate energy that fermentation overlooks.
- Common Processes: Glycolysis is a shared process between fermentation and cellular respiration.
Nutritional Insights
- Effects of Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking may lead to weight gain.
- Television Watching Impact: Increased television watching correlates with weight gain.
Importance of Molecules
- Reactants for NADH Production: Requires NAD+, two electrons, and H+ ions.
- Carbon Loss During Respiration: Carbon atoms from glucose are lost in various stages of processing through respiration.
Summary of Processes and Functions
- Chemiosmosis: Directly results in ATP synthesis in mitochondria.
- Energy Production: Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP during the chemiosmotic stage.
These notes encapsulate the essentials of cellular respiration, the importance of glycolysis, the roles of various processes, and insights into nutrition and behavior related to weight management.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential processes of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. You'll explore how food molecules are transformed into ATP and the overall chemical equations governing these processes.
