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Questions and Answers
Where does aerobic respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?
Where does aerobic respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria (correct)
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
- Glucose
- Oxygen (correct)
- Water
- Carbon dioxide
Which type of respiration is a less efficient process than aerobic respiration?
Which type of respiration is a less efficient process than aerobic respiration?
- Anaerobic electron transport
- Anaerobic glycolysis
- Aerobic respiration
- Fermentation (correct)
What are the end products of fermentation?
What are the end products of fermentation?
Which organisms carry out aerobic respiration?
Which organisms carry out aerobic respiration?
What is the primary function of aerobic respiration?
What is the primary function of aerobic respiration?
Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen?
What is the role of mitochondria in aerobic respiration?
What is the role of mitochondria in aerobic respiration?
Which type of respiration involves an electron transport chain?
Which type of respiration involves an electron transport chain?
Which process produces the most ATP?
Which process produces the most ATP?
Which pathway involves the conversion of glucose to pyruvate and produces ATP and NADH?
Which pathway involves the conversion of glucose to pyruvate and produces ATP and NADH?
Where does the TCA cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
Where does the TCA cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the TCA cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the TCA cycle?
Which component of the electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons to oxygen?
Which component of the electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons to oxygen?
What is the main function of electron transport phosphorylation?
What is the main function of electron transport phosphorylation?
What do uncouplers do in the context of cellular respiration?
What do uncouplers do in the context of cellular respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
Which process is less efficient than respiration but can still provide energy in the absence of oxygen?
Which process is less efficient than respiration but can still provide energy in the absence of oxygen?
What do inhibitors do in the context of cellular respiration?
What do inhibitors do in the context of cellular respiration?
What is the main difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
What is the main difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Which molecule is produced by the pentose phosphate pathway and is used as a reducing agent in biosynthetic reactions?
Which molecule is produced by the pentose phosphate pathway and is used as a reducing agent in biosynthetic reactions?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
What is the main function of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
What is the main function of the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Which protein complex in the ETC transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?
Which protein complex in the ETC transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?
What is the process by which the ETC produces ATP?
What is the process by which the ETC produces ATP?
What do uncouplers do in the context of the ETC?
What do uncouplers do in the context of the ETC?
Which type of molecules block the ETC and prevent ATP production?
Which type of molecules block the ETC and prevent ATP production?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in prokaryotic cells?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of the TCA cycle?
What is the function of the TCA cycle?
What is the primary role of NADPH in biosynthetic reactions?
What is the primary role of NADPH in biosynthetic reactions?
Which molecule is a reducing agent used in many biosynthetic reactions?
Which molecule is a reducing agent used in many biosynthetic reactions?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Where does the TCA cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Which enzyme produces ATP from ADP and Pi using the proton gradient created by the ETC?
Which enzyme produces ATP from ADP and Pi using the proton gradient created by the ETC?
What disrupts the proton gradient and prevents the ETC from producing ATP?
What disrupts the proton gradient and prevents the ETC from producing ATP?
Which of the following is a component of the ETC that transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?
Which of the following is a component of the ETC that transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone?
What is the process by which the ETC produces ATP?
What is the process by which the ETC produces ATP?
Which type of respiration involves an electron transport chain?
Which type of respiration involves an electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Which pathway is responsible for breaking down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water?
Which pathway is responsible for breaking down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water?
Which molecule is a reducing agent used in many biosynthetic reactions?
Which molecule is a reducing agent used in many biosynthetic reactions?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration and Sugar Degradation Pathways
- The final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration is an inorganic molecule, such as nitrate or sulfate, instead of oxygen.
- There are three main sugar degradation pathways: the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway, the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, and the pentose phosphate pathway.
- The TCA cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells and oxidizes acetyl-CoA to release energy in the form of NADH and FADH2.
- The TCA cycle involves several steps: citrate formation, isocitrate formation, α-ketoglutarate formation, succinyl-CoA formation, succinate formation, fumarate formation, malate formation, and oxaloacetate regeneration.
- The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transports electrons from high-energy carriers (NADH and FADH2) to oxygen, producing ATP.
- Components of the ETC include NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1 complex, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP synthase.
- The mitochondrial ETC is more complex and efficient than the bacterial ETC, while the bacterial ETC is more versatile in using different electron donors and acceptors.
- Electron transport phosphorylation is the process of generating ATP from the energy released by the ETC, facilitated by ATP synthase.
- Uncouplers disrupt the proton gradient, inhibiting ATP synthesis and potentially producing heat.
- Inhibitors block ETC enzymes, preventing ATP generation.
- Anaerobic respiration uses electron acceptors other than oxygen and is less efficient than aerobic respiration.
- Fermentation, which does not use an electron acceptor or produce ATP, is less efficient than respiration but can still provide energy in the absence of oxygen.
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