Questions and Answers
Where do organisms get energy?
Organisms get the energy they need from their food.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the overall reaction of cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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Why do all organisms need food?
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Why do macromolecules differ in the amount of energy they contain?
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How does the process of cellular respiration maintain homeostasis at the cellular level?
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In what ways are cellular respiration and photosynthesis considered opposite processes?
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How is the chemical energy in glucose similar to money in a savings account?
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What is a Calorie?
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What is cellular respiration?
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What is the definition of aerobic?
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What is the definition of anaerobic?
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What happens during the process of glycolysis?
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What happens during the Krebs cycle?
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How does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
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How much ATP does cellular respiration generate?
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What are the products of glycolysis?
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How is the function of NAD+ similar to that of NADP+?
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What happens to pyruvic acid in the Krebs cycle?
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What is glycolysis?
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What is NAD+?
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What is the Krebs cycle?
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What is the matrix?
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How does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
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How does the cell use the charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration?
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How many molecules of ATP are produced in the entire breakdown of glucose?
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How is the cell like a furnace?
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Study Notes
Energy Sources
- Organisms obtain energy from food.
Cellular Respiration
- A biochemical process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
- Overall reaction: 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP).
Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere; cellular respiration returns it.
- Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is utilized in cellular respiration to generate energy.
Importance of Food
- Provides essential chemical building blocks needed for growth and reproduction.
Energy in Macromolecules
- Energy content varies in macromolecules due to differences in chemical structures and energy-storing bonds.
Homeostasis and Cellular Respiration
- Helps cells eliminate carbon dioxide and waste while producing oxygen and proteins.
Opposite Processes
- Photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiration releases it.
Chemical Energy in Glucose
- Glucose functions like money in a savings account; energy is stored for later use.
Caloric Measurement
- A Calorie measures heat energy in food, equivalent to 1000 calories.
Key Processes
- Cellular Respiration: Releases energy through glucose breakdown in the presence of oxygen.
- Aerobic: Requires oxygen; Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen.
Glycolysis
- Converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvic acid molecules (3-carbon).
Krebs Cycle
- Breaks down pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide through various energy-extracting reactions.
Electron Transport Chain
- Utilizes high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to generate ATP from ADP.
- Results in production of approximately 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
Glycolysis Products
- Produces 2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH.
NAD+ and NADP+
- Both function as electron carriers, enabling additional ATP production.
Pyruvic Acid in Krebs Cycle
- Transformed into carbon dioxide during the cycle.
Key Definitions
- Glycolysis: Initial reactions breaking glucose into pyruvic acid.
- Krebs Cycle: Second stage of respiration where pyruvic acid converts to CO2.
- Matrix: Innermost compartment of mitochondria.
ATP Production
- Entire glucose breakdown generates approximately 36 ATP molecules.
Enzyme Functionality
- Charge differences across the inner mitochondrial membrane are utilized to synthesize ATP via ATP synthases.
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Test your knowledge on cellular respiration and photosynthesis with these flashcards. Learn about how organisms obtain energy, the process of cellular respiration, and the overall reactions involved. Perfect for students studying biology and related fields.