Questions and Answers
What is the process by which cells make ATP from food?
Cellular respiration
What is the job of ATP in a cell?
ATP performs work in the cell
What are two reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
What are three products of cellular respiration?
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All organisms perform cellular respiration.
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What is the first stage of cellular respiration for all organisms?
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What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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What is another name for anaerobic respiration?
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Why is the mitochondrion used for aerobic respiration?
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What could possibly occur in anaerobic respiration after glycolysis?
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What kind of organisms perform fermentation?
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What kinds of organisms perform aerobic respiration?
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What is the first step in aerobic respiration?
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How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?
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What is the second stage of aerobic respiration after glycolysis?
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How many ATP are produced in the second stage of aerobic respiration?
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What is the third stage of aerobic respiration?
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What is the total number of ATP produced in anaerobic respiration?
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What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
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What is the total number of ATP produced in aerobic respiration?
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Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
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What speeds one reaction to the next in glycolysis?
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What is required to enter the Krebs cycle?
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Which of the following includes all four products of the Krebs cycle?
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Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell?
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Where does the electron transport chain occur in the cell?
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If a prokaryote (bacterium) performs the electron transport chain, where would this process occur in the cell?
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Why is oxygen the final electron acceptor?
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Where does all the energy come from?
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An ______ has to make food using a process such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
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Which of the following correctly lists the reactants in photosynthesis?
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Compounds that absorb light are called?
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The main photosynthetic pigment is called?
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What is the cellular respiration equation?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells generate ATP from food, primarily glucose.
- Essential for all organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, yeast, and bacteria.
ATP Function
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency in cells, facilitating work such as muscle contraction and biochemical reactions.
Reactants and Products
- Two key reactants: glucose and oxygen.
- Three products: carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Stages of Cellular Respiration
- First stage for all organisms: glycolysis.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs without oxygen.
- Major stages in aerobic respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP; the Krebs cycle also produces 2 ATP; the total ATP yield for aerobic respiration is 36-38.
Anaerobic Respiration
- Includes lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation in certain organisms.
- Overall yield in anaerobic respiration is 4 ATP.
Mitochondria Role
- Mitochondria act as the powerhouse for aerobic respiration, allowing conversion of chemical energy to usable forms.
Cellular Locations
- Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Electron transport chain is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain occurs at the cell membrane.
Oxygen’s Role
- Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, preventing backup of hydrogen ions and maintaining the chain's functionality.
Photosynthesis
- Autotrophs (e.g., plants) produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
- Reactants required for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
- Main photosynthetic pigment: chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.
Equations
- Cellular respiration can be summarized as: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP.
Enzyme Function
- Enzymes facilitate and speed up reactions in glycolysis, enhancing efficiency and reaction rates.
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Description
Test your understanding of cellular respiration and photosynthesis with these flashcards. Each card covers key concepts, from the process of ATP production to the reactants and products involved in cellular respiration. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge!
