Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which cells make ATP from food?

Cellular respiration

What is the job of ATP in a cell?

ATP performs work in the cell

What are two reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen

What are three products of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

All organisms perform cellular respiration.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of cellular respiration for all organisms?

<p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

<p>Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic does not require oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for anaerobic respiration?

<p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the mitochondrion used for aerobic respiration?

<p>It is the powerhouse of the cell and can convert chemical energy into a usable form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could possibly occur in anaerobic respiration after glycolysis?

<p>Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of organisms perform fermentation?

<p>Yeast and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of organisms perform aerobic respiration?

<p>Animals, plants, fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in aerobic respiration?

<p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second stage of aerobic respiration after glycolysis?

<p>Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are produced in the second stage of aerobic respiration?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the third stage of aerobic respiration?

<p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP produced in anaerobic respiration?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of glycolysis?

<p>Transform glucose into pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP produced in aerobic respiration?

<p>36-38</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

<p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What speeds one reaction to the next in glycolysis?

<p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to enter the Krebs cycle?

<p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following includes all four products of the Krebs cycle?

<p>Carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain occur in the cell?

<p>Inner membrane of the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a prokaryote (bacterium) performs the electron transport chain, where would this process occur in the cell?

<p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen the final electron acceptor?

<p>If oxygen did not accept the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, the chain would stop working due to the back up of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does all the energy come from?

<p>Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ______ has to make food using a process such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

<p>Autotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly lists the reactants in photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compounds that absorb light are called?

<p>Pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main photosynthetic pigment is called?

<p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular respiration equation?

<p>C6H12O6 + O2 --&gt; CO2 + H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

  • Process by which cells generate ATP from food, primarily glucose.
  • Essential for all organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, yeast, and bacteria.

ATP Function

  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency in cells, facilitating work such as muscle contraction and biochemical reactions.

Reactants and Products

  • Two key reactants: glucose and oxygen.
  • Three products: carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Stages of Cellular Respiration

  • First stage for all organisms: glycolysis.
  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs without oxygen.
  • Major stages in aerobic respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
  • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP; the Krebs cycle also produces 2 ATP; the total ATP yield for aerobic respiration is 36-38.

Anaerobic Respiration

  • Includes lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation in certain organisms.
  • Overall yield in anaerobic respiration is 4 ATP.

Mitochondria Role

  • Mitochondria act as the powerhouse for aerobic respiration, allowing conversion of chemical energy to usable forms.

Cellular Locations

  • Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.
  • Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
  • Electron transport chain is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain occurs at the cell membrane.

Oxygen’s Role

  • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, preventing backup of hydrogen ions and maintaining the chain's functionality.

Photosynthesis

  • Autotrophs (e.g., plants) produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
  • Reactants required for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
  • Main photosynthetic pigment: chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.

Equations

  • Cellular respiration can be summarized as: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP.

Enzyme Function

  • Enzymes facilitate and speed up reactions in glycolysis, enhancing efficiency and reaction rates.

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Test your understanding of cellular respiration and photosynthesis with these flashcards. Each card covers key concepts, from the process of ATP production to the reactants and products involved in cellular respiration. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge!

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