12 Questions
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
ATP
During which stage of cellular respiration is pyruvate broken down into acetyl-CoA?
Citric Acid Cycle
How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
2
What is the total ATP yield from the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule?
36-38 ATP
What is the purpose of ATP hydrolysis?
To release energy for various cellular processes
What is the energy source for oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron transport chain
What is the primary characteristic of binary fission?
Division into two identical daughter cells
What is the first step in the process of binary fission?
Replication of DNA
In which type of cells is binary fission commonly observed?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the significance of binary fission in terms of genetic material?
It maintains genetic uniformity
How many daughter cells are produced during binary fission?
Two
What is an advantage of binary fission?
It enables rapid cell division
Study Notes
ATP and Cellular Respiration
ATP Production
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell
- Produced during cellular respiration through the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules
- ATP is generated through two main mechanisms:
- Substrate-level phosphorylation: Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule to ADP
- Oxidative phosphorylation: Energy from electron transport chain is used to generate ATP
Stages of Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
- Electron Transport Chain: Transfer of electrons from high-energy molecules to oxygen, generating 32-34 ATP
- Oxidative Phosphorylation: Generation of ATP through the electron transport chain
ATP Yield
- Total ATP yield from complete breakdown of one glucose molecule: 36-38 ATP
- ATP yield from each stage:
- Glycolysis: 2 ATP
- Citric Acid Cycle: 2 ATP
- Electron Transport Chain: 32-34 ATP
ATP Hydrolysis
- ATP is broken down into ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) to release energy
- Energy from ATP hydrolysis is used to drive various cellular processes, such as:
- Muscle contraction
- Transport of molecules across cell membranes
- Biosynthesis of macromolecules
Test your knowledge of ATP production, stages of cellular respiration, and ATP yield from glucose breakdown. Learn how ATP is generated and used in cellular processes.
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