Questions and Answers
Where do normoblasts tend to develop within the hematopoietic cords?
Adjacent to the outer surfaces of the vascular sinuses
What is the predominant type of marrow during infancy and childhood?
Red marrow
In which trimester does the liver play a significant role in hematopoiesis?
2nd trimester
What is the process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow called?
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What is the function of the spleen in relation to platelets?
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Study Notes
Cell Death
- Necrosis: caused by direct external injury to cells
- Apoptosis: self-inflicted cell death
Hematopoiesis
- Definition: continuous, regulated process of blood cell production
- Types:
- Primitive Hematopoiesis: occurs during gestation
- Definitive Hematopoiesis: occurs in adults, defined process
Site of Hematopoiesis
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Scapula
- Skull
- Vertebrae
- Pelvic bones
- Proximal ends of the long bones
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH)
- Definition: production of blood cells outside of the bone marrow
- Occurs when there is inadequate production of blood cells
- Sites: Spleen and Liver
- Compensatory mechanism
Hemoglobin Types
- Gower 1: 2 zeta, 2 epsilon
- Gower 2: 2 alpha, 2 epsilon
- PL: 2 zeta, 2 gamma
- HbF: 2 alpha, 2 gamma
- HbA1: 2 alpha, 2 beta
- HbA2: 2 alpha, 2 delta
Primitive Erythroblasts
- Definition: erythrocytes, progenitor cells/ immature cells
- Post-Natal Hematopoiesis: After the first 3 weeks post-partum, the BM becomes the only normal site for blood cell production and remains throughout life
Adult Hematopoietic Tissue
- Bone Marrow
- Two types: Red Marrow and Yellow Marrow
- Active marrow: responsible for RBC production
- Chord blood: fetal blood
- Infancy, childhood development
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