Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cellular change is characterized by swollen cells with granular cytoplasm and a normal nucleus?
Which cellular change is characterized by swollen cells with granular cytoplasm and a normal nucleus?
In which organs does hydropic degeneration commonly occur?
In which organs does hydropic degeneration commonly occur?
What is the characteristic feature of fatty change in cells?
What is the characteristic feature of fatty change in cells?
What is the common light microscopic change associated with reversible cell injury?
What is the common light microscopic change associated with reversible cell injury?
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What are the macroscopic characteristics of an organ undergoing hydropic degeneration?
What are the macroscopic characteristics of an organ undergoing hydropic degeneration?
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Study Notes
Causes of Cell Injury
- Living irritants: infections
- Non-living: trauma, physical injury (thermal, radiation), chemical injury, immunological injury, hypoxia (anemia, inadequate oxygen, ischemia)
Reversible Injury
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disrupted → Decreased ATP
- Decreased ATP leads to:
- Decreased Na/K pump → gain of intracellular Na → cell swelling
- Decreased ATP-dependent Ca pumps → increased cytoplasmic Ca concentration
- Lactic acid accumulation → decreased pH
- Detachment of ribosomes from RER → decreased protein synthesis
- End result: cytoskeletal disruption with loss of microvilli, bleb formation, etc.
Role of Mitochondria in Cell Injury
- Mitochondria responsible for:
- Cell respiration
- Production of ATP
- Vital functions of the cell:
- Cellular osmolarity (Na/K)
- Membrane transport process
- Protein synthesis
Reversible Mitochondrial Changes in Cell Injury
- Mild injury: swollen mitochondria
- Normal mitochondria
- Severe injury:
- Rupture of mitochondrial membrane
- Myelin figure (remnants of mitochondrial membrane)
- Calcification of mitochondrial remnants
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Description
Test your knowledge of cellular pathology with this quiz on the causes of cell injury and cell death. Explore different types of irritants, such as infections and trauma, and learn about reversible injury and the effects of hypoxia on cellular function.
