WS 6. Cell's Organelles I - Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus (Medium)
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Questions and Answers

Which organelles are membrane bound?

  • Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus (correct)
  • Plastids, Vacuoles
  • Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton

    • What is the main function of the nucleus?

  • Produce energy for the cell
  • Store genetic information and act as a control center (correct)
  • Break down waste materials
  • Synthesize proteins

    • What is the composition of the nuclear envelope?

  • Double membrane with inner and outer nuclear membrane (correct)
  • No specific membrane structure
  • Triple membrane with two outer and one inner nuclear membrane
  • Single membrane with only outer nuclear membrane

    • What is found in the nuclear interior?

    <p>Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Nuclear bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle disassembles during cell division?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the exchange of molecules between the perinuclear space and the nuclear interior?

    <p>Inner nuclear membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins enable the fusion of vesicles with correct target membranes?

    <p>SNARE proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of COPI vesicles in vesicle transport?

    <p>Transport from GA back to ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Clathrin-coated vesicles?

    <p>Endocytosis and transport to lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs involved in?

    <p>Fusion of vesicles with correct target membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of COPII proteins in vesicle transport?

    <p>Transport from ER to GA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes?

    <p>Cellular digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

    <p>Maintains the shape and stability of the nuclear envelope, binds DNA, and regulates nuclear processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nuclear pore complex?

    <p>Enables the translocation of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleolus?

    <p>Site of intense rRNA transcription and processing, and ribosomal subunit assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are genes for 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNAs located?

    <p>In the short arm of acrocentric chromosomes and transcribed by RNA polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to nucleoli at the beginning of mitosis?

    <p>They disassemble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the perinuclear space?

    <p>Continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and measures 20 to 40 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Protein synthesis and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most cell lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, synthesized?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Storage and release of calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mRNA relocate to after leaving the nucleus?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    <p>Synthesizing lipid molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is the largest in most cells, representing about 10% of the total cell volume?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Detoxifying compounds in specialized cells like liver cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) in muscle cells?

    <p>Storing Ca2+ ions for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers Ca2+ release from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) during muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine binding to receptors in the sarcolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Golgi Apparatus (GA) in the cellular secretory pathway?

    <p>Acting as a sorting station in the cellular secretory pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the Golgi stacks linked together within the Golgi Apparatus (GA)?

    <p>By tubular connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the cis-face of Golgi Apparatus (GA) in the processing pathway?

    <p>Vesicles containing proteins and lipids enter and undergo modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Organelles and Their Functions

    • Lipid flippases and floppases are ATP-dependent membrane proteins that maintain phospholipid distribution in the bilayer.
    • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) detoxifies compounds in specialized cells like liver cells and increases detoxification enzymes in response to drugs or alcohol.
    • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) is specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, storing Ca2+ ions for muscle contraction.
    • SR consists of terminal cisternae communicating with T-tubules and plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and relaxation.
    • Muscle contraction is mediated by acetylcholine binding to receptors in the sarcolemma and triggering Ca2+ release from SR.
    • Muscle relaxation occurs when Ca2+ is pumped back to the SR by Ca2+-ATPase pumps, allowing the muscle fiber to relax.
    • Golgi Apparatus (GA) serves as a sorting station in the cellular secretory pathway and is involved in processing and delivering cellular components.
    • GA is composed of flat sacs (cisternae) forming the Golgi stack, linked together by tubular connections.
    • The Golgi stacks are linked by microtubules, stabilizing the position of GA within the cell and enabling transport of vesicles among cisternae.
    • The Golgi apparatus has a horseshoe shape with distinct cis and trans faces, playing different roles in the processing pathway.
    • The cisternae of the Golgi serve as chambers for different chemical reactions, including glycosylation and assembly of molecules.
    • Vesicles containing proteins and lipids enter the cis-face of GA, undergo modification, and are delivered to specific intracellular or extracellular locations.

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