Patho 1- Cell Injury and Death

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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is the correct definition of physiology?

The study of the nature of suffering

The study of suffering

The study of the physical (correct)

The study of growth in pathology

Which one of these is the correct definition of pathology?

The study of the physical

The study of suffering (correct)

The study of growth in pathology

The study of the nature of suffering

Which one of these is the correct definition of pathophysiology?

The study of suffering

The study of the development of disease

The study of the nature of suffering (correct)

The study of the physical

Which one of these is the correct definition of necrosis?

Cell enlargement and swelling Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct definition of apoptosis?

Fragmentation into nucleosome-sized fragments Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct statement about necrosis?

It is always a pathologic process Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct statement about apoptosis?

It is often a physiologic process Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct statement about the etiology of cellular death?

It is caused by imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct statement about programmed cell death?

It requires energy Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the correct statement about nuclear changes in necrosis?

Nuclear enlargement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor that can lead to apoptosis?

Loss of growth factor signaling Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of BH3-only proteins in apoptosis?

Activation of caspases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can activate proapoptotic BH3-only proteins?

Pathologic DNA damage/ Loss of membrane integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of apoptosis in viral infections?

Activation of proapoptotic proteins or caspases by viral proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular response is associated with autophagy?

Cellular recycling Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the proteasome in cell injury?

Proteolysis of ubiquitinated substrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of oxidative stress?

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hypoxia and ischemia on cellular function?

ATP depletion and failure of energy-dependent functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury?

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What are the late events in cell injury and necrosis from different causes?

Mitochondrial damage and increased permeability of cellular membranes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Death and Injury

Physiology: Study of normal functions and processes that occur within living organisms.
Pathology: Study of the nature of diseases, including their causes, mechanisms, and consequences.
Pathophysiology: Study of the changes that occur within the body as a result of disease.
Necrosis: Unprogrammed cell death resulting from external factors, such as inflammation, injury, or infection, leading to cell membrane rupture and release of cellular contents.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a natural process in which cells self-destruct in a controlled manner, characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and chromatin condensation.
Necrosis: Characterized by cell swelling, rupture of the cell membrane, and inflammation.
Apoptosis: A regulated process that occurs in response to specific stimuli, such as DNA damage, growth factor withdrawal, or viral infections.
Etiology of cellular death: Can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, environmental toxins, and viral infections.
Programmed cell death: A natural process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells, playing a crucial role in development, tissue homeostasis, and disease prevention.
Nuclear changes in necrosis: Characterized by karyolysis, pyknosis, or karyorrhexis, leading to the destruction of the nucleus.
Key factor that can lead to apoptosis: Activation of proapoptotic proteins, such as BAX or BAK.
Role of BH3-only proteins: Activate proapoptotic proteins, leading to the initiation of apoptosis.
Activation of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins: Can be triggered by various stimuli, including DNA damage, growth factor withdrawal, or viral infections.
Main cause of apoptosis in viral infections: Activation of proapoptotic proteins in response to viral infection.
Cellular response associated with autophagy: A catabolic process that involves the degradation of damaged or dysfunctional cellular components.
Role of the proteasome: A large protein complex that degrades damaged or misfolded proteins, playing a crucial role in protein quality control.
Main cause of oxidative stress: Imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses.
Effect of hypoxia and ischemia on cellular function: Decreased ATP production, leading to cellular dysfunction and injury.
Consequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury: Activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death.
Late events in cell injury and necrosis: Characterized by the activation of inflammatory responses, cellular infiltration, and tissue remodeling.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cellular injury and death with this quiz! Learn about the basis of all pathology and the difference between physiology and pathology. Explore the study of suffering and the nature of growth in pathology and physiology.