40 Questions
What is the measure of randomness in a system?
Entropy
What category of reactions requires an input of energy to proceed and builds complex molecules from simpler components?
Endergonic reactions
Define catabolism.
The process of breaking down materials within the body
What are the two processes involved in metabolism?
Catabolism and anabolism
How do age and gender affect the speed of metabolism within the body?
Age and gender can affect the speed of metabolism within the body
What are the factors that can increase or decrease the speed of metabolism in the body?
Temperature or disease
What is the source of energy that allows organisms to maintain their organization and stay alive?
Incoming energy and matter
What type of energy transformation results in heat, which contributes to increasing disorder in the universe?
All energy transformations
What is the energy source that powers the process of photosynthesis?
Sunlight
Define exergonic reaction.
Releases energy
What is the key process involved in cellular respiration?
Breaking down of Glucose to CO2 and H2O
What do oxidation-reduction reactions form in organisms?
Electron Transport Chains
Explain oxidation in the context of Redox reactions.
Loss of electrons from a molecule, atom, or ion
What occurs during reduction in Redox reactions?
Gain of electrons
Why do oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously?
Electrons removed from one molecule during oxidation must join another molecule and reduce it
Explain the relationship between oxidation and reduction reactions.
If one molecule is reduced (gains electrons), then another must be oxidized (loses electrons)
What is the definition of energy according to physicists?
The ability to do work
What are the two forms of energy that make up the total amount of energy in any object?
Kinetic energy and Potential energy
What is Potential Energy?
Stored energy available to do work
What is Kinetic Energy?
Energy being used to do work
What are Calories used to measure?
Energy
How much energy does one calorie (cal) represent?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C
What is the most common unit for measuring the energy content of food?
Kilocalories (kcal) which equals 1000 calories
What do plants transform in photosynthesis into potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of sugars?
Kinetic energy in sunlight
What is the function of ATP in organisms?
Short-term energy storage
Why do organisms not stockpile large amounts of ATP?
Cells store energy-rich molecules such as fats, starch, and glycogen.
What is the purpose of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
To catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions without being consumed.
What is the role of the Active Site in enzymes?
The region to which substrates bind.
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
By lowering the Activation Energy.
Which organelles are specialized sacs of enzymes?
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, etc.
What is the key to the specificity of enzymes?
The shape of the enzyme's Active Site.
What do cells do when ATP supplies run low?
Divert lipid and carbohydrate reserves to cellular respiration pathways.
What is the lock-and-key model used to describe in enzyme-substrate interactions?
How substrates fit into the active site of an enzyme like puzzle pieces.
What happens to the active site of an enzyme after it releases the products?
It becomes empty and ready to bind more substrate.
Describe the enzyme-substrate complex (ES).
A temporary molecule formed when an enzyme perfectly contacts its substrate.
What conditions can affect enzyme activity?
pH changes, salt concentrations, and temperature.
What is the optimal pH range for most enzymes?
Between 6 and 8.
Give an example of an enzyme with an optimal pH in the stomach.
Pepsin (pH between 2 & 4).
What can happen to enzymes at very high temperatures?
They can denature.
What are Cofactors in enzyme function?
Non-protein helpers that must be present for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction.
Learn about how cells capture and use energy, the different forms of energy including kinetic and potential energy, and the significance of energy in cellular processes. Explore the concept of potential energy stored in molecules like chemical energy.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
