Biology: 02.05 Cellular Energy Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes releases energy to be used by a cell?

Fermentation

A phosphate group is removed from ATP to form ADP (correct)

Glucose breakdown

Photosynthesis

What molecule is represented by the molecular model shown below?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Removing a phosphate group from an ATP molecule:

Releases energy (correct)

Creates glucose

Stores energy

Has no effect

What type of molecule do animal cells use for long-term energy storage?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells use fat and starch for long-term energy storage instead of ATP molecules?

ATP is used for short-term energy and to build molecules of starch and fat. Signup and view all the answers

Why are cellular processes necessary?

They are necessary to provide the free energy needed for organization, growth, and repair. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how energy is recharged.

Cells use energy from food to 'charge up' ATP, which powers most cellular functions. Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells need energy?

Cells use energy to grow, move materials around, and respond to changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate source of energy for cells?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecule of ATP consist of?

Adenine, a five-carbon sugar called ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups. Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecule of ADP consist of?

Phosphate and energy. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

It creates ADP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy released from ATP used for?

To power processes such as movement, active transport, or protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Is ATP used for long-term storage? Why or why not?

False Signup and view all the answers

How do plants store long-term energy?

They use ATP energy to build sugar and starch macromolecules. Signup and view all the answers

How do animals store long-term energy?

Store excess energy in fat molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how ATP can be compared to a rechargeable battery.

Energy is released from ATP by breaking off a phosphate group, similar to how a battery discharges. Signup and view all the answers

If a cellular process requires a large amount of energy, which organelle will need to be found in greater quantity within the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is ADP?

Adenosine diphosphate, the compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source that cells use for most of their work. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Energy Overview

Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, converting it into ADP.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells.

Functions of ATP and ADP

ATP is essential for short-term energy needs and powers cellular processes including movement and protein synthesis.
When ATP loses a phosphate group, it becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which consists of one less phosphate and retains energy.

Long-term Energy Storage

Animal cells store long-term energy as fat, while plants use starch and sugar.
ATP is not suitable for long-term energy storage due to its instability; fat and starch are preferred for this purpose.

Importance of Cellular Processes

Cellular processes provide the necessary energy for growth, repair, and maintenance of energy balance in multicellular organisms.
Cells consume energy for various functions, including growth, digestion, transport, and environmental responsiveness.

Energy Recharge Mechanism

Cells "charge up" ATP using energy from food, similar to how a rechargeable battery operates.
The energy stored in ATP is released when it converts into ADP, similar to a battery releasing stored power.

ATP Structure

ATP comprises adenine, a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups.
ADP, formed from ATP, includes only two phosphate groups and is produced during energy release.

Energy Demand in Cells

If a process requires significant energy, the quantity of mitochondria, the cell's powerhouse, must increase to meet the demand.

Summary of Key Terms

ATP: Main energy source for cellular work.
ADP: Product of ATP energy release, contains less energy and one less phosphate group.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cellular energy processes with these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as ATP and the release of energy in cells. Perfect for studying key biological functions related to energy transfer and usage.