Biology: 02.05 Cellular Energy Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes releases energy to be used by a cell?

  • Fermentation
  • A phosphate group is removed from ATP to form ADP (correct)
  • Glucose breakdown
  • Photosynthesis

What molecule is represented by the molecular model shown below?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Removing a phosphate group from an ATP molecule:

  • Releases energy (correct)
  • Creates glucose
  • Stores energy
  • Has no effect

What type of molecule do animal cells use for long-term energy storage?

<p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells use fat and starch for long-term energy storage instead of ATP molecules?

<p>ATP is used for short-term energy and to build molecules of starch and fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cellular processes necessary?

<p>They are necessary to provide the free energy needed for organization, growth, and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how energy is recharged.

<p>Cells use energy from food to 'charge up' ATP, which powers most cellular functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells need energy?

<p>Cells use energy to grow, move materials around, and respond to changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate source of energy for cells?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecule of ATP consist of?

<p>Adenine, a five-carbon sugar called ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecule of ADP consist of?

<p>Phosphate and energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

<p>It creates ADP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy released from ATP used for?

<p>To power processes such as movement, active transport, or protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is ATP used for long-term storage? Why or why not?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants store long-term energy?

<p>They use ATP energy to build sugar and starch macromolecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animals store long-term energy?

<p>Store excess energy in fat molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how ATP can be compared to a rechargeable battery.

<p>Energy is released from ATP by breaking off a phosphate group, similar to how a battery discharges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cellular process requires a large amount of energy, which organelle will need to be found in greater quantity within the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ADP?

<p>Adenosine diphosphate, the compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ATP?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cellular Energy Overview

  • Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, converting it into ADP.
  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells.

Functions of ATP and ADP

  • ATP is essential for short-term energy needs and powers cellular processes including movement and protein synthesis.
  • When ATP loses a phosphate group, it becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which consists of one less phosphate and retains energy.

Long-term Energy Storage

  • Animal cells store long-term energy as fat, while plants use starch and sugar.
  • ATP is not suitable for long-term energy storage due to its instability; fat and starch are preferred for this purpose.

Importance of Cellular Processes

  • Cellular processes provide the necessary energy for growth, repair, and maintenance of energy balance in multicellular organisms.
  • Cells consume energy for various functions, including growth, digestion, transport, and environmental responsiveness.

Energy Recharge Mechanism

  • Cells "charge up" ATP using energy from food, similar to how a rechargeable battery operates.
  • The energy stored in ATP is released when it converts into ADP, similar to a battery releasing stored power.

ATP Structure

  • ATP comprises adenine, a five-carbon sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups.
  • ADP, formed from ATP, includes only two phosphate groups and is produced during energy release.

Energy Demand in Cells

  • If a process requires significant energy, the quantity of mitochondria, the cell's powerhouse, must increase to meet the demand.

Summary of Key Terms

  • ATP: Main energy source for cellular work.
  • ADP: Product of ATP energy release, contains less energy and one less phosphate group.

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