Cellular Division Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What significant event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

  • Homologous chromosomes align at the cell's center.
  • Chromosomes condense and crossing-over occurs. (correct)
  • Four haploid cells are formed.
  • Sister chromatids are separated.

What happens in Metaphase II of meiosis?

  • Genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes.
  • Chromosomes align at the center of each haploid cell. (correct)
  • Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.
  • Two haploid cells are formed.

Which of the following correctly describes the outcome of Telophase II?

  • Two diploid cells are formed.
  • Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed. (correct)
  • Four genetically identical haploid cells are formed.
  • Chromosomes begin to condense.

During which phase are homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles?

<p>Anaphase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of Meiosis compared to Mitosis?

<p>Meiosis results in genetically unique haploid cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cell division?

<p>To replace damaged or lost cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors spread to other parts of the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the anaphase of mitosis?

<p>Separation of sister chromatids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis does nondisjunction occur?

<p>During anaphase I or II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reformed during the telophase of mitosis?

<p>The nuclear envelope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which immature cells develop into mature cells with specific functions called?

<p>Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase includes the formation of spindle fibers?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the centromere's role during cell division?

<p>To hold sister chromatids together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of spindle fibers during cell division?

<p>To attach to centromeres and separate genetic material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plant cells, what structure is formed during the division of the cytoplasm?

<p>Cell plate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do chromosomes align in the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is the longest in the process of mitosis?

<p>Prophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is not included in mitosis?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a cell's surface area change in relation to its volume as it grows?

<p>Volume increases faster than surface area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

<p>A series of molecular steps leading to cell death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meiosis I

The first stage of meiosis, resulting in two haploid cells.

Prophase I

Chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material (crossing-over).

Metaphase I

Homologous pairs align at the cell's center

Anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles.

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Telophase I

Two haploid cells created by cytokinesis

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Meiosis II

The second stage of meiosis, resulting in four haploid cells.

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Prophase II

Chromosomes condense in two haploid cells.

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Metaphase II

Chromosomes align in the center of each cell.

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Anaphase II

Sister chromatids are pulled apart.

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Telophase II

Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed

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Cancer Growth Control

Cancer cells lose the ability to regulate their own growth and division.

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Cell Division

The process where a single cell divides to create two identical daughter cells.

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M Phase

The stage of the cell cycle where the nucleus and cytoplasm divide to form two new cells.

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Mitosis

The division of the nucleus during cell division.

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Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm during cell division, creating two separate cells.

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S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where DNA replicates.

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Interphase

The longest part of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for division, including G1, S, and G2 phases.

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Centromere

The region where two sister chromatids are connected.

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Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome created during DNA replication.

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Prophase

The first stage of mitosis and meiosis, where chromosomes condense and the spindle apparatus forms.

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Metaphase

Stage where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

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Anaphase

The stage where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase

The final phase of mitosis where daughter nuclei reform and chromosomes decondense.

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Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm and organelles in a cell, creating two daughter cells.

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Spindle Fibers

Protein structures that help segregate chromosomes during cell division.

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Cell Plate

A structure forming during plant cell division; a membranous disk that becomes the new cell wall.

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Benign Tumor

A tumor in which the abnormal cells stay at the original site, do not spread.

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Malignant Tumor

A tumor in which the abnormal cells spread to other parts of the body.

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Differentiation

The process by which immature cells develop into mature, specialized cells.

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Prophase I

The first phase of meiosis I, a key stage in sexual reproduction.

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Nondisjunction

Error in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate correctly.

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Apoptosis

Programmed cell death, a controlled process.

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Cell Cycle

Series of events in a cell's life, including growth, DNA replication, and division.

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Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing but is growing and replicating its DNA.

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Mitosis

The process of dividing genetic material in the nucleus during cell division.

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Surface Area to Volume Ratio

The relationship between a cell's surface area and its volume; critical for efficiency.

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Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents.

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Study Notes

Cellular Division Exam - Study Guide

  • Review session to come
  • Exam scheduled for
  • Key terms and definitions will be covered
  • Cell division - replace damaged cells & lost cells, permits growth & allows for reproduction
  • M phase - includes 2 overlapping processes: cytokinesis and the nuclear division. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter nuclei
  • S phase - synthesis of DNA, also known as DNA replication
  • Interphase - a cell performs its normal functions, increases in size, and the synthesis of DNA occurs. 90% of the cells life span. only during the cell division are the chromosomes visible. It is cell's normal activity every day.
  • Interphase - 3 phases(G1, S, G2) G1-first gap where everything is prepared before DNA synthesis, S -synthesis of DNA, G2 - second gap where the cell prepares for division
  • Sister chromatids - two identical chromatids that make up each chromosome
  • Prophase - the first stage of both cell division (mitosis and meiosis). longest and most complex stage of mitosis, chromosomes are visible, spindle fibers, centrioles, and asters. Nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear
  • Metaphase - chromosomes align on the center of the cell. Spindle fibers coordinate chromosome movement
  • Anaphase - chromosomes separate at the centromeres, move to opposite sides of the cell.
  • Telophase - condensed chromosomes and begin to spread into a cluster of chromatin. Nuclear envelope forms, and nucleoli become visible, spindle apparatus and kinetochores disappear.

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Prepare for your upcoming exam on cellular division with this comprehensive study guide. Key concepts such as the M phase, S phase, and interphase are outlined, along with important terms and definitions to aid in your understanding of the cell cycle. Review the stages of cell division and the roles of sister chromatids in mitosis and meiosis.

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