Cellular Damage and Apoptosis Triggers Quiz

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Which molecule binds to a cell-surface receptor named Fas (CD95) to trigger apoptosis?

Hydrogen peroxide

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Lymphotoxin (TNF-β)

Fas ligand (FasL) (correct)

What is the main function of molecules that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and signal apoptosis?

Initiate apoptosis (correct)

Stimulate protein synthesis

Enhance DNA repair

Promote cell growth

Which of the following triggers apoptosis by binding to the TNF receptor?

Hypochlorite ion

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (correct)

Hydroxyl radical

Superoxide anion

What is one common characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis?

Release of ATP and UTP Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a death activator triggering apoptosis?

Hydroxyl radical Signup and view all the answers

How do nucleotides released by cells undergoing apoptosis attract wandering phagocytic cells such as macrophages?

By binding to specific receptors on phagocytic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a trigger that induces apoptosis?

Low levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for apoptosis?

Increased growth factors for neurons Signup and view all the answers

Cells undergoing apoptosis respond to signals that are:

Within the body Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would likely induce apoptosis in cells?

Reduced adhesion to the growth surface Signup and view all the answers

What effect do increased levels of oxidants have on a cell?

Promote apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes one way cells respond to triggers of apoptosis?

Cells die in response to specific signals Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is important in triggering cell apoptosis?

p53 Signup and view all the answers

What role do cytotoxic T lymphocytes play in apoptosis?

Inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

How do cells respond to DNA damage?

By increasing production of p53 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of mutations in the p53 gene?

Formation of defective proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which cells threaten the integrity of the organism and are targeted for apoptosis?

Cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes contribute to the process of apoptosis?

By inducing apoptosis in target cells Signup and view all the answers