Cellular Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?

  • Golgi complex
  • Smooth ER
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Rough ER

Which organelle is involved in the production of steroids and phospholipids?

  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi complex
  • Smooth ER (correct)
  • Rough ER

Which organelle is the start of the secretory pathway for proteins and protein secretion?

  • Rough ER (correct)
  • Smooth ER
  • Golgi complex
  • Mitochondria

Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting, carbohydrate hydrolysis, and initial proteolysis?

<p>Golgi complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>To degrade endocytosed materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes?

<p>To catabolize fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?

<p>To store histamine and heparin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adipocytes?

<p>To store lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubules?

<p>To provide internal support and scaffolding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli?

<p>To increase surface area for absorption and secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?

<p>Transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which RNA is converted into protein?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an organism that contains a nucleus?

<p>Eukaryotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyotype?

<p>The complete DNA sequence of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

<p>Higher protein content than lipid content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in TEM?

<p>E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lipid bilayer with associated proteins and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

<p>Plasmalemma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the arrangement of chromosomes in their most tightly compact form?

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight ratio of protein to lipid in the plasma membrane?

<p>60:40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting and secretion?

<p>Golgi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?

<p>Internal support and scaffolding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subcellular structure is responsible for DNA storage and replication?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?

<p>Exocytosis and endocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is often characterized by bizarrely shaped nuclei with marginated chromatin in cancer cells?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intermediate filaments in the cell?

<p>Internal support and scaffolding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subcellular compartments are membrane-limited organelles?

<p>Nucleus and cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular composition of microtubules?

<p>Tubulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microtubules located in the cell?

<p>Inside the cell spanning cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Protein sorting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the duplication of DNA and occurs during the S phase?

<p>Replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which DNA is converted into RNA?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the conversion of RNA into protein?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an organism that contains a nucleus?

<p>Eukaryotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for staining metaphase chromosomes to visualize the complete DNA sequence of an organism?

<p>Karyotyping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

<p>Cellular communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the plasma membrane in terms of protein and lipid content by weight?

<p>60:40 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?

<p>E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?

<p>Cellular movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the initial proteolysis of proteins?

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles in the cell?

<p>Formation of cilia and flagella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subcellular structure is involved in the movement and positioning of organelles within the cell?

<p>Microtubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?

<p>Internal support and scaffolding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microfilaments primarily located in the cell?

<p>Microvilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular composition of intermediate filaments?

<p>Keratin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli in the cell?

<p>Endocytosis and exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the terminal glycosylation of proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in the cell?

<p>DNA storage and replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

<p>Protein sorting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>Hydrolytic degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes?

<p>Lipid catabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?

<p>Store histamine and heparin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvilli?

<p>Increase surface area for absorption and secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia?

<p>Cellular motility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of centrioles?

<p>Create the mitotic spindle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments?

<p>Facilitate exocytosis and endocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

<p>Cellular adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

<p>Energy generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using DNA as a template?

<p>Transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Regulating gene expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation take place in the cell?

<p>Ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Protein sorting and secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane?

<p>Eukaryotic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid and organelles within a cell, excluding the nucleus, called?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of duplicating DNA in a cell called?

<p>Replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule during transcription?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

<p>Bringing amino acids to the ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA replication?

<p>Producing an identical copy of the genetic material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration?

<p>Cristae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secretory granules in cells?

<p>Process and package proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microvilli on the cell surface?

<p>Increase the surface area of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

<p>Break down cellular waste and foreign substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex in cells?

<p>Process and package proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubules in the cell?

<p>Facilitate cell movement and transport of organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?

<p>Maintain cell shape and provide mechanical stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of harmful substances?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

<p>Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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