Cellular Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?

  • Golgi complex
  • Smooth ER
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Rough ER

    • Which organelle is involved in the production of steroids and phospholipids?

  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi complex
  • Smooth ER (correct)
  • Rough ER

    • Which organelle is the start of the secretory pathway for proteins and protein secretion?

  • Rough ER (correct)
  • Smooth ER
  • Golgi complex
  • Mitochondria

    • Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting, carbohydrate hydrolysis, and initial proteolysis?

    <p>Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    <p>To degrade endocytosed materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes?

    <p>To catabolize fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?

    <p>To store histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipocytes?

    <p>To store lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microtubules?

    <p>To provide internal support and scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli?

    <p>To increase surface area for absorption and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which RNA is converted into protein?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism that contains a nucleus?

    <p>Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a karyotype?

    <p>The complete DNA sequence of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Higher protein content than lipid content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in TEM?

    <p>E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lipid bilayer with associated proteins and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Plasmalemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the arrangement of chromosomes in their most tightly compact form?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight ratio of protein to lipid in the plasma membrane?

    <p>60:40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting and secretion?

    <p>Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?

    <p>Internal support and scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subcellular structure is responsible for DNA storage and replication?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis and endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is often characterized by bizarrely shaped nuclei with marginated chromatin in cancer cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of intermediate filaments in the cell?

    <p>Internal support and scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subcellular compartments are membrane-limited organelles?

    <p>Nucleus and cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular composition of microtubules?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microtubules located in the cell?

    <p>Inside the cell spanning cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Protein sorting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the duplication of DNA and occurs during the S phase?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which DNA is converted into RNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the conversion of RNA into protein?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an organism that contains a nucleus?

    <p>Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for staining metaphase chromosomes to visualize the complete DNA sequence of an organism?

    <p>Karyotyping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cellular communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the plasma membrane in terms of protein and lipid content by weight?

    <p>60:40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?

    <p>E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?

    <p>Cellular movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the initial proteolysis of proteins?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in the cell?

    <p>Formation of cilia and flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subcellular structure is involved in the movement and positioning of organelles within the cell?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?

    <p>Internal support and scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microfilaments primarily located in the cell?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular composition of intermediate filaments?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli in the cell?

    <p>Endocytosis and exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the terminal glycosylation of proteins?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus in the cell?

    <p>DNA storage and replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi complex?

    <p>Protein sorting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    <p>Hydrolytic degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes?

    <p>Lipid catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?

    <p>Store histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli?

    <p>Increase surface area for absorption and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia?

    <p>Cellular motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles?

    <p>Create the mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments?

    <p>Facilitate exocytosis and endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intermediate filaments?

    <p>Cellular adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Energy generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using DNA as a template?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Regulating gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation take place in the cell?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Protein sorting and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells have a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid and organelles within a cell, excluding the nucleus, called?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of duplicating DNA in a cell called?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule during transcription?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

    <p>Bringing amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA replication?

    <p>Producing an identical copy of the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration?

    <p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secretory granules in cells?

    <p>Process and package proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of microvilli on the cell surface?

    <p>Increase the surface area of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Break down cellular waste and foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi complex in cells?

    <p>Process and package proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microtubules in the cell?

    <p>Facilitate cell movement and transport of organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?

    <p>Maintain cell shape and provide mechanical stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of harmful substances?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?

    <p>Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

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