80 Questions
Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is involved in the production of steroids and phospholipids?
Smooth ER
Which organelle is the start of the secretory pathway for proteins and protein secretion?
Rough ER
Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting, carbohydrate hydrolysis, and initial proteolysis?
Golgi complex
What is the function of lysosomes?
To degrade endocytosed materials
What is the function of peroxisomes?
To catabolize fatty acids
What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?
To store histamine and heparin
What is the function of adipocytes?
To store lipids
What is the function of microtubules?
To provide internal support and scaffolding
What is the function of microvilli?
To increase surface area for absorption and secretion
During which phase does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?
Transcription
What is the process by which RNA is converted into protein?
Translation
What is the term for an organism that contains a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
What is a karyotype?
The complete DNA sequence of an organism
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
Higher protein content than lipid content
What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in TEM?
E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense
What is the term for the lipid bilayer with associated proteins and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?
Plasmalemma
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the arrangement of chromosomes in their most tightly compact form?
Metaphase
What is the weight ratio of protein to lipid in the plasma membrane?
60:40
Which organelle is responsible for protein sorting and secretion?
Golgi
What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?
Internal support and scaffolding
Which subcellular structure is responsible for DNA storage and replication?
Nucleus
What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?
Exocytosis and endocytosis
Which organelle is often characterized by bizarrely shaped nuclei with marginated chromatin in cancer cells?
Nucleus
What is the main function of intermediate filaments in the cell?
Internal support and scaffolding
Which subcellular compartments are membrane-limited organelles?
Nucleus and cytoplasm
What is the molecular composition of microtubules?
Tubulin
Where are microtubules located in the cell?
Inside the cell spanning cytoplasm
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Protein sorting
Which process involves the duplication of DNA and occurs during the S phase?
Replication
What is the term for the process in which DNA is converted into RNA?
Transcription
Which process involves the conversion of RNA into protein?
Translation
Which term describes an organism that contains a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
What is the term for staining metaphase chromosomes to visualize the complete DNA sequence of an organism?
Karyotyping
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Cellular communication
What is the composition of the plasma membrane in terms of protein and lipid content by weight?
60:40
What is the appearance of the plasma membrane in transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?
E- dense, e- lucent, e- dense
Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP, CO2, and H2O?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of microtubules in the cell?
Cellular movement
Which organelle is responsible for the initial proteolysis of proteins?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of centrioles in the cell?
Formation of cilia and flagella
Which subcellular structure is involved in the movement and positioning of organelles within the cell?
Microtubules
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?
Internal support and scaffolding
Where are microfilaments primarily located in the cell?
Microvilli
What is the molecular composition of intermediate filaments?
Keratin
What is the function of microvilli in the cell?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Which organelle is responsible for the terminal glycosylation of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of the nucleus in the cell?
DNA storage and replication
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the Golgi complex?
Protein sorting
What is the function of lysosomes?
Hydrolytic degradation
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Lipid catabolism
What is the function of secretory granules in mast cells?
Store histamine and heparin
What is the function of microvilli?
Increase surface area for absorption and secretion
What is the function of cilia?
Cellular motility
What is the function of centrioles?
Create the mitotic spindle
What is the function of microfilaments?
Facilitate exocytosis and endocytosis
What is the function of intermediate filaments?
Cellular adhesion
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
Energy generation
Which process involves the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using DNA as a template?
Transcription
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Regulating gene expression
Where does translation take place in the cell?
Ribosomes
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Protein sorting and secretion
Which type of cells have a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the fluid and organelles within a cell, excluding the nucleus, called?
Cytoplasm
What is the process of duplicating DNA in a cell called?
Replication
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule during transcription?
Nucleus
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
What is the main function of DNA replication?
Producing an identical copy of the genetic material
Which organelle is responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration?
Cristae
What is the function of secretory granules in cells?
Process and package proteins and lipids
What is the main function of microvilli on the cell surface?
Increase the surface area of the cell
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Break down cellular waste and foreign substances
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the Golgi complex in cells?
Process and package proteins and lipids
What is the function of microtubules in the cell?
Facilitate cell movement and transport of organelles
What is the function of microfilaments in the cell?
Maintain cell shape and provide mechanical stability
Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of harmful substances?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of peroxisomes in the cell?
Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances
Test your knowledge of DNA replication, transcription, translation, eukaryotic cells, karyotypes, and plasma membranes in this informative quiz.
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