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Questions and Answers
What condition results from a deficiency of water in the body?
What condition results from a deficiency of water in the body?
- Supplementation
- Dehydration (correct)
- Concentration
- Hydrogenation
Which food source is known for containing high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber?
Which food source is known for containing high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber?
- Orange juice
- Seven-grain bread (correct)
- White rice
- Yogurt
Why must essential fatty acids be obtained through dietary intake?
Why must essential fatty acids be obtained through dietary intake?
- The body synthesizes them inefficiently, requiring dietary boosts.
- They are broken down too quickly to be produced endogenously.
- They are required for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
- The body cannot synthesize them at all. (correct)
If someone is feeling sleepy and seeks a healthy food option for an energy boost, which choice would be most suitable?
If someone is feeling sleepy and seeks a healthy food option for an energy boost, which choice would be most suitable?
Which vitamin can be synthesized by the human body?
Which vitamin can be synthesized by the human body?
What health concern is most associated with the consumption of trans-fatty acids found in fast foods?
What health concern is most associated with the consumption of trans-fatty acids found in fast foods?
Which cellular organelle is present in plant cells but not in animal cells, enabling photosynthesis?
Which cellular organelle is present in plant cells but not in animal cells, enabling photosynthesis?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for converting food energy into ATP in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for converting food energy into ATP in eukaryotic cells?
Which cell structure is responsible for the digestion of substances and recycling of materials within the cell?
Which cell structure is responsible for the digestion of substances and recycling of materials within the cell?
Which of these organelles is exclusively found in plant cells and not in animal cells?
Which of these organelles is exclusively found in plant cells and not in animal cells?
A cell uses which process to ingest molecules too large to cross the plasma membrane?
A cell uses which process to ingest molecules too large to cross the plasma membrane?
What cellular process enables viruses to enter a host cell, considering they are too large for passive transport?
What cellular process enables viruses to enter a host cell, considering they are too large for passive transport?
Which process facilitates the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood?
Which process facilitates the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood?
During active transport, what action occurs?
During active transport, what action occurs?
Which of the following describes the movement of water during osmosis?
Which of the following describes the movement of water during osmosis?
Flashcards
What is dehydration?
What is dehydration?
A deficiency of water in the body.
Sources of complex carbs and fiber?
Sources of complex carbs and fiber?
Complex carbohydrates and fiber are found in many vegetables, legumes, and whole grain breads or pastas.
Why are essential fatty acids important?
Why are essential fatty acids important?
Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body, so they must be obtained from your diet.
Good food choice for quick energy?
Good food choice for quick energy?
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How is vitamin D obtained?
How is vitamin D obtained?
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Why avoid trans-fatty acids?
Why avoid trans-fatty acids?
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What is the function of Chloroplast?
What is the function of Chloroplast?
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Cellular Powerhouse?
Cellular Powerhouse?
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What is the function of Lysosome?
What is the function of Lysosome?
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Organelle found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Organelle found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
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What is endocytosis?
What is endocytosis?
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Gases across Membranes?
Gases across Membranes?
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Characteristics of active transport?
Characteristics of active transport?
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What is Osmosis?
What is Osmosis?
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What is Diffusion?
What is Diffusion?
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Study Notes
- Deficiency of water in the body is known as dehydration.
- Complex carbohydrates and fiber are found in many vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain breads or pastas.
- Essential fatty acids must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.
- A banana is a healthy carbohydrate-rich food that is quickly broken down and used for energy.
- Vitamin D can be synthesized by the body with exposure to sunlight and can also be obtained from milk and eggs.
- Trans-fatty acids common in fast foods are a concern due to an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes.
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis; thus, chloroplasts are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
- Mitochondria assist in the conversion of food energy to ATP in eukaryotic cells.
- Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles in a eukaryotic cell.
- Chloroplasts are the organelle that performs photosynthesis.
- The mitochondrion is the location of many of the reactions of cellular respiration.
- Lysosomes are involved in the digestion of substances in cells.
- Lysosomes are sacs of digestive enzymes that degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and can engulf targeted molecules and organelles for recycling.
- Endocytosis is the movement of large molecules and other substances by the pinching of the plasma membrane inward to form a vesicle.
- Extremely small viruses are still too large to enter cells by passive transport, so viruses enter a host cell through endocytosis.
- Small molecules: O2 and CO2, can move across membranes by simple diffusion.
- Active transport requires energy and transport proteins to move substances up a concentration gradient.
- Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion involving the movement of water in response to a concentration gradient.
- Osmosis is what happens when water moves spontaneously down a concentration gradient across a plasma membrane.
- Facilitated diffusion is the movement of larger molecules down their concentration gradient, assisted by membrane proteins.
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