Plasma Membrane 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor that determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer?

  • Protein content
  • Lipid composition (correct)
  • Temperature changes
  • Cell size

In the context of biological membranes, what does 'flexibility' refer to?

  • Ability to resist pH changes
  • Ability to change shape without becoming leaky (correct)
  • Ability to produce energy
  • Ability to replicate quickly

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

  • Store genetic information
  • Accelerate protein synthesis
  • Act as a 'fluidity buffer' (correct)
  • Facilitate cell division

Which type of preparations were effective in demonstrating the free diffusion of individual lipid molecules within lipid bilayers?

<p>Liposomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the fluidity of biological membranes through noncovalent interactions?

<p>Lipids in the bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability of a lipid bilayer to flow important?

<p>For flexibility and functionality of cell membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using black membranes across a hole in a partition between two compartments?

<p>To measure the permeability properties of synthetic membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion happens rarely across the lipid bilayer?

<p>Flip-flop diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the catalysis of trans-bilayer movement of lipids within the cell membrane?

<p>Flippases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature and hydrocarbon tail size influence phospholipid movement within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Higher temperature speeds up movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the fatty acid content of membranes by some organisms in response to environmental temperature fluctuations?

<p>To maintain a relatively constant fluidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what characteristic temperature does membrane phase transition occur between the liquid-crystalline and paracrystalline state?

<p>+37°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins fill the space between fibers and cells in the Ground Substance?

<p>Proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is rich in proline and glycine amino acids and forms glycosylated fibrils?

<p>Collagen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does protein glycosylation occur in the ECM?

<p>In the Ground Substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ECM macromolecule gives tissues their elasticity and is hydrophobic?

<p>Elastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the ECM forms a cross-linked network allowing for stretching and recoiling like a rubber band?

<p>Elastin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ECM component has specific binding sites for other macromolecules and for cell surface receptors?

<p>Fibronectin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin?

<p>Playing a key role in tissue repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the composition of laminin?

<p>Made of three long polypeptide chains held by disulfide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of integrins in cell membranes?

<p>Facilitating cell adhesion and mediating cellular signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes the basal lamina?

<p>Essential component of all epithelia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fibronectin in embryogenesis?

<p>Playing a crucial role in tissue repair during embryonic development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the fluidity of cell membranes?

<p>Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the melting point of a membrane?

<p>Decrease it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffen the bilayer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a higher content of saturated fatty acids have on a lipid bilayer?

<p>Forms paracrystalline structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do unsaturated fatty acids influence membrane structure?

<p>Promote lipid movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by mainly collagen fibers and bone minerals in its ECM?

<p>Bone tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in the ECM?

<p>Secrete ECM macromolecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer at low temperatures?

<p>Increase fluidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue matrix contains gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins?

<p>Loose connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cis-double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids affect the lipid bilayer structure?

<p>Inhibit membrane rigidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the extracellular matrix contribute to cell physiology?

<p>By supporting cellular structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component acts as a 'fluidity buffer' in the cell membrane?

<p>Cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the flow ability of lipid bilayers in biological membranes?

<p>Temperature changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature changes impact the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer?

<p>By affecting lipid fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In biological membranes, what contributes to the ability of lipids to change shape without losing integrity?

<p>Flexibility from noncovalent lipid interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between transversal diffusion and lateral diffusion in the lipid bilayer?

<p>Transversal diffusion occurs rarely, while lateral diffusion happens readily and rapidly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic influences the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Temperature and size of hydrocarbon tail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some organisms adapt to environmental temperature fluctuations in relation to their membrane fluidity?

<p>By adjusting the fatty acid content of their membranes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the movement of phospholipids across the lipid bilayer?

<p>Flippases, floppases, and scramblases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase represents a more rigid state in the lipid bilayer?

<p>Paracrystalline state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the fluidity of a lipid bilayer to be precisely regulated?

<p>To maintain optimal membrane function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin in the body?

<p>Facilitates cell adhesion and motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell membrane protein family mediates cellular signals and facilitates cell adhesion?

<p>Integrins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of laminin in the ECM?

<p>Organizes the sheet structure of the basal lamina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the composition of the basal lamina?

<p>Contains three long polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal lamina in epithelial tissues?

<p>Forms an essential component of all epithelia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lipid bilayer structure of cell membranes at lower temperatures?

<p>It stabilizes and becomes more rigid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the melting point of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Decrease the melting point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the fluidity of cell membranes at lower temperatures?

<p>Shorter hydrocarbon chains in phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholesterol affect the fluidity of cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffens the bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of unsaturated fatty acids in the structure of cell membranes?

<p>Inhibit paracrystalline conformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in stabilizing cell membranes?

<p>Supports hydrocarbon chains and stiffens the bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated fatty acids impact the phase transition temperature of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase phase transition temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids in influencing membrane fluidity?

<p>Decrease melting point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of shorter hydrocarbon chains in membrane phospholipids on membrane fluidity?

<p>Reduce tendency to interact at lower temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of cholesterol in cell membranes at low temperatures?

<p>Prevents fatty acid tails from interacting and clumping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of elastin in tissues?

<p>Providing elasticity for tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are prominent in collagen proteins?

<p>Proline and glycine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes elastin from collagen in terms of glycosylation?

<p>Elastin is not glycosylated while collagen is (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins have specific binding sites for other ECM macromolecules and cell surface receptors?

<p>Fibronectin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of laminin in the ECM?

<p>Facilitating cell migration and adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein forms glycosylated fibrils in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins facilitate the trans-bilayer movement of lipids in the cell membrane?

<p>Flippases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the movement of phospholipids within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Temperature and size of hydrocarbon tail (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Composition of the lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process happens rarely in the movement of phospholipids within the bilayer?

<p>Flip-flop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the fluidity of a lipid bilayer based on environmental temperature fluctuations?

<p>Adjusting fatty acid content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein catalyzes the movement of phospholipids and other lipids within the cell membrane?

<p>Scramblases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature changes affect the structure of the lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase fluidity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phospholipids in the movement within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Allow free diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cholesterol considered a 'fluidity buffer' in cell membranes?

<p>To maintain optimal fluidity levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the change in shape of lipids without losing integrity in the membrane?

<p>Noncovalent interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the flow ability of lipid bilayers in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of Ground Substance in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Polysaccharides and proteoglycans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is protein glycosylation observed in the ECM macromolecules?

<p>Neither collagen nor elastin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between collagen and elastin in the ECM related to glycosylation?

<p>Elastin is glycosylated while collagen is not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule provides elasticity to tissues like skin and blood vessels in the ECM?

<p>Elastin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Elastin can stretch and recoil like a rubber band due to its structure' - Which amino acids are prominent in elastin's structure?

<p>Proline and glycine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Collagen forms stiff triple-stranded helical fibrils' - What structural characteristic of collagen makes it different from elastin?

<p>Triple-stranded helical form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin in biological processes?

<p>Regulation of cellular attachment and motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is the primary organizer of the sheet structure of the basal lamina?

<p>Laminin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature best describes the composition of integrins?

<p>Hydrophobic multidomain proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal lamina in tissues?

<p>Providing elasticity and flexibility to tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the structure of the ECM macromolecule, Laminin?

<p>Asymmetric molecule composed of long polypeptide chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in unsaturated fatty acids content have on the phase transition temperature of the membrane?

<p>Decreases the phase transition temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffens the membrane and reduces permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated fatty acids influence the melting point of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase the melting point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue ECM?

<p>Secrete extracellular matrix components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in cholesterol content affect membrane fluidity at high temperatures?

<p>Decreases fluidity by stabilizing the bilayer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of shorter hydrocarbon chains in membrane phospholipids on the membrane's behavior at lower temperatures?

<p>Promotes lipid movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the interaction between hydrocarbon chains within the membrane?

<p>Increase space between chains by making packing difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cis-double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids on membrane structure?

<p>Inhibits paracrystalline conformation and promotes fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cholesterol in lowering the phase transition temperature of a membrane?

<p>Prevents lipid clumping and enhances rigidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do shorter hydrocarbon chains contribute to membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?

<p>Reduce interactions between hydrocarbon tails, maintaining fluidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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