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Plasma Membrane 2

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What is the main factor that determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer?

Lipid composition

In the context of biological membranes, what does 'flexibility' refer to?

Ability to change shape without becoming leaky

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Act as a 'fluidity buffer'

Which type of preparations were effective in demonstrating the free diffusion of individual lipid molecules within lipid bilayers?

<p>Liposomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the fluidity of biological membranes through noncovalent interactions?

<p>Lipids in the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability of a lipid bilayer to flow important?

<p>For flexibility and functionality of cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using black membranes across a hole in a partition between two compartments?

<p>To measure the permeability properties of synthetic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion happens rarely across the lipid bilayer?

<p>Flip-flop diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the catalysis of trans-bilayer movement of lipids within the cell membrane?

<p>Flippases</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature and hydrocarbon tail size influence phospholipid movement within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Higher temperature speeds up movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the fatty acid content of membranes by some organisms in response to environmental temperature fluctuations?

<p>To maintain a relatively constant fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what characteristic temperature does membrane phase transition occur between the liquid-crystalline and paracrystalline state?

<p>+37°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins fill the space between fibers and cells in the Ground Substance?

<p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is rich in proline and glycine amino acids and forms glycosylated fibrils?

<p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does protein glycosylation occur in the ECM?

<p>In the Ground Substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ECM macromolecule gives tissues their elasticity and is hydrophobic?

<p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the ECM forms a cross-linked network allowing for stretching and recoiling like a rubber band?

<p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ECM component has specific binding sites for other macromolecules and for cell surface receptors?

<p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin?

<p>Playing a key role in tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the composition of laminin?

<p>Made of three long polypeptide chains held by disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of integrins in cell membranes?

<p>Facilitating cell adhesion and mediating cellular signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes the basal lamina?

<p>Essential component of all epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fibronectin in embryogenesis?

<p>Playing a crucial role in tissue repair during embryonic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the fluidity of cell membranes?

<p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the melting point of a membrane?

<p>Decrease it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffen the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a higher content of saturated fatty acids have on a lipid bilayer?

<p>Forms paracrystalline structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do unsaturated fatty acids influence membrane structure?

<p>Promote lipid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by mainly collagen fibers and bone minerals in its ECM?

<p>Bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in the ECM?

<p>Secrete ECM macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer at low temperatures?

<p>Increase fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue matrix contains gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins?

<p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cis-double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids affect the lipid bilayer structure?

<p>Inhibit membrane rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the extracellular matrix contribute to cell physiology?

<p>By supporting cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component acts as a 'fluidity buffer' in the cell membrane?

<p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the flow ability of lipid bilayers in biological membranes?

<p>Temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature changes impact the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer?

<p>By affecting lipid fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

In biological membranes, what contributes to the ability of lipids to change shape without losing integrity?

<p>Flexibility from noncovalent lipid interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between transversal diffusion and lateral diffusion in the lipid bilayer?

<p>Transversal diffusion occurs rarely, while lateral diffusion happens readily and rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic influences the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Temperature and size of hydrocarbon tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some organisms adapt to environmental temperature fluctuations in relation to their membrane fluidity?

<p>By adjusting the fatty acid content of their membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the movement of phospholipids across the lipid bilayer?

<p>Flippases, floppases, and scramblases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase represents a more rigid state in the lipid bilayer?

<p>Paracrystalline state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the fluidity of a lipid bilayer to be precisely regulated?

<p>To maintain optimal membrane function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin in the body?

<p>Facilitates cell adhesion and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell membrane protein family mediates cellular signals and facilitates cell adhesion?

<p>Integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of laminin in the ECM?

<p>Organizes the sheet structure of the basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the composition of the basal lamina?

<p>Contains three long polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal lamina in epithelial tissues?

<p>Forms an essential component of all epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lipid bilayer structure of cell membranes at lower temperatures?

<p>It stabilizes and becomes more rigid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the melting point of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Decrease the melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the fluidity of cell membranes at lower temperatures?

<p>Shorter hydrocarbon chains in phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholesterol affect the fluidity of cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffens the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of unsaturated fatty acids in the structure of cell membranes?

<p>Inhibit paracrystalline conformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholesterol in stabilizing cell membranes?

<p>Supports hydrocarbon chains and stiffens the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated fatty acids impact the phase transition temperature of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase phase transition temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids in influencing membrane fluidity?

<p>Decrease melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of shorter hydrocarbon chains in membrane phospholipids on membrane fluidity?

<p>Reduce tendency to interact at lower temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of cholesterol in cell membranes at low temperatures?

<p>Prevents fatty acid tails from interacting and clumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of elastin in tissues?

<p>Providing elasticity for tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are prominent in collagen proteins?

<p>Proline and glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes elastin from collagen in terms of glycosylation?

<p>Elastin is not glycosylated while collagen is</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins have specific binding sites for other ECM macromolecules and cell surface receptors?

<p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of laminin in the ECM?

<p>Facilitating cell migration and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein forms glycosylated fibrils in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins facilitate the trans-bilayer movement of lipids in the cell membrane?

<p>Flippases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the movement of phospholipids within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Temperature and size of hydrocarbon tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Composition of the lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process happens rarely in the movement of phospholipids within the bilayer?

<p>Flip-flop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the fluidity of a lipid bilayer based on environmental temperature fluctuations?

<p>Adjusting fatty acid content</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein catalyzes the movement of phospholipids and other lipids within the cell membrane?

<p>Scramblases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the structure and flexibility of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do temperature changes affect the structure of the lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phospholipids in the movement within the lipid bilayer?

<p>Allow free diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cholesterol considered a 'fluidity buffer' in cell membranes?

<p>To maintain optimal fluidity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the change in shape of lipids without losing integrity in the membrane?

<p>Noncovalent interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the flow ability of lipid bilayers in biological membranes?

<p>Lipid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of Ground Substance in the extracellular matrix?

<p>Polysaccharides and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is protein glycosylation observed in the ECM macromolecules?

<p>Neither collagen nor elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between collagen and elastin in the ECM related to glycosylation?

<p>Elastin is glycosylated while collagen is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule provides elasticity to tissues like skin and blood vessels in the ECM?

<p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Elastin can stretch and recoil like a rubber band due to its structure' - Which amino acids are prominent in elastin's structure?

<p>Proline and glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Collagen forms stiff triple-stranded helical fibrils' - What structural characteristic of collagen makes it different from elastin?

<p>Triple-stranded helical form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fibronectin in biological processes?

<p>Regulation of cellular attachment and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is the primary organizer of the sheet structure of the basal lamina?

<p>Laminin</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do integrins contribute to cell function?

<p>Link cytoskeleton filaments with the ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature best describes the composition of integrins?

<p>Hydrophobic multidomain proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal lamina in tissues?

<p>Providing elasticity and flexibility to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the structure of the ECM macromolecule, Laminin?

<p>Asymmetric molecule composed of long polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in unsaturated fatty acids content have on the phase transition temperature of the membrane?

<p>Decreases the phase transition temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in cell membranes at high temperatures?

<p>Stiffens the membrane and reduces permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do saturated fatty acids influence the melting point of a lipid bilayer?

<p>Increase the melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue ECM?

<p>Secrete extracellular matrix components</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in cholesterol content affect membrane fluidity at high temperatures?

<p>Decreases fluidity by stabilizing the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of shorter hydrocarbon chains in membrane phospholipids on the membrane's behavior at lower temperatures?

<p>Promotes lipid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do unsaturated fatty acids affect the interaction between hydrocarbon chains within the membrane?

<p>Increase space between chains by making packing difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cis-double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids on membrane structure?

<p>Inhibits paracrystalline conformation and promotes fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cholesterol in lowering the phase transition temperature of a membrane?

<p>Prevents lipid clumping and enhances rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do shorter hydrocarbon chains contribute to membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?

<p>Reduce interactions between hydrocarbon tails, maintaining fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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