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Which term describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
What type of molecules can move across the membrane unaided?
What type of transport requires energy input to move molecules against their concentration gradient?
Which term describes a solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution?
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What type of proteins are responsible for solute transport and work by binding to a specific molecule and undergoing a conformational change to transport the molecule across the membrane?
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Which term describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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What is the term for the process of engulfing particles by the cell membrane to bring them into the cell?
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What type of transport involves the simultaneous movement of two substances across the membrane, with one substance moving down its concentration gradient to provide the energy for the other substance to move against its concentration gradient?
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What structures allow transport of molecules between adjacent plant cells?
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What type of proteins facilitate passive transport by allowing the movement of substances through the membrane without requiring energy?
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What is the movement of water across a membrane called?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water?
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What type of proteins form pores in the membrane, allowing solutes to move based on both concentration and electrochemical gradient?
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What do aquaporins permit to cross the plasma membrane?
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What allows for the cell's internal environment to differ from the outside due to selective permeability of lipid bilayers and specificity of proteins?
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How can membrane proteins be studied by separating them from the membrane?
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What type of proteins are involved in facilitating transport and providing the basic membrane structure?
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What type of transport involves the simultaneous movement of two substances across the membrane, with one substance moving down its concentration gradient to provide the energy for the other substance to move against its concentration gradient?
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What is the term for the process of bringing in material from the outside of the cell?
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What allows flow of small molecules between cells by connecting adjacent cells and forming channels?
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What type of transport requires energy input to move molecules against their concentration gradient?
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What type of proteins form channels that open or close in response to a signal?
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What is the process of harvesting the electrochemical gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another molecule against its gradient called?
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What type of transport moves substances with their concentration gradient and does not require input of energy?
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What is the term for the process of transporting substances out of the cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane?
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What type of proteins open or close in response to a signal?
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What is the main function of gap junctions in animal tissues?
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What is the process of bringing in material from the outside of the cell called?
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What do secondary active transport processes harness to drive the transport of molecules against their gradient?
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What is the main difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins?
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What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant tissues?
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Study Notes
Membrane Permeability and Transport in Cellular Evolution
- The cell membrane is not a solid shell but has a consistency similar to salad oil at room temperature
- The plasma membrane consists of integral and peripheral proteins, both of which have different functions in facilitating transport
- Biological membranes allow for the cell's internal environment to differ from the outside due to selective permeability of lipid bilayers and specificity of proteins
- Substances (excluding water) move passively across the membrane through diffusion, where dissolved solutes move from high to low concentration regions
- Osmosis refers to the movement of water across a membrane, occurring only across selectively permeable membranes
- Tonicity describes the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water, with hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions having different effects on water movement
- Cells respond differently to environments with varying solute concentrations, leading to hyper-, hypo-, or isotonic solutions
- Proteins aid in the function of membrane transport, with phospholipids providing the basic membrane structure
- Membrane proteins can be studied by separating them from the membrane using detergents, which burrow into the plasma membrane and associate with the phospholipids and proteins
- Integral proteins, such as channel proteins, facilitate passive transport by allowing the movement of substances through the membrane without requiring energy
- Aquaporins, a type of channel protein, permit water to cross the plasma membrane
- Ion channels are specialized membrane proteins that form pores in the membrane, allowing solutes to move based on both concentration and electrochemical gradient
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Description
Test your knowledge of membrane permeability and transport in cellular evolution with this quiz. Explore the selective permeability of lipid bilayers, the role of integral and peripheral proteins, and the mechanisms of passive transport such as diffusion and osmosis. Dive into the concepts of tonicity and the effects of different solute concentrations on cell environments. Gain insights into the functions of membrane proteins and their role in facilitating transport across the cell membrane.
