Proteins 2

What are the three major steps involved in post-transcriptional modification of RNA?

Which bases pair together in DNA according to the text?

What does the universal characteristic of the genetic code imply according to the text?

What is the main function of a messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Which nucleotides pair together in RNA according to the text?

What is the term for the process that removes non-coding sequences from pre-mRNA in post-transcriptional modification?

What is the main role of cytosolic ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are to be exported from the cell or placed in cell membranes?

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?

Which post-translational modification can affect protein stability and protein-protein interactions?

What is the role of O-glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus during protein synthesis?

Which organelle is associated with synthesizing proteins that are to be exported out of the cell?

What is the function of targeting signals in protein synthesis?

Which protein synthesis mutation results in a change of the amino acid coded by a specific codon?

What is the main cause of sickle cell anemia in humans?

In which population does sickle cell anemia occur more frequently?

What are the characteristic symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation in protein synthesis?

What is the role of GTP in protein synthesis?

Which site of the ribosome is responsible for binding an incoming Aminoacyl-tRNA according to the codon?

What happens in Step 2 of protein synthesis?

What is needed for each peptide bond to guarantee translation during protein synthesis?

Which type of codons moves into the ribosome A site during termination in protein synthesis?

What is the process by which proteins are transported to appropriate destinations?

Which type of modification involves adding a lipid to proteins to increase their binding affinity to biological membranes?

What post-translational modification involves adding a glycan group to proteins?

Which modification is responsible for the activation of trypsinogen into trypsin?

What can errors in protein sorting lead to?

Which post-translational modification involves the addition of a methyl group to proteins?

What is the main function of the A-site of the ribosome during protein synthesis?

What is the primary role of GTP in protein synthesis?

During protein synthesis, what happens in the E-site of the ribosome?

What is the purpose of post-translational modifications in protein synthesis?

In protein biosynthesis, what role do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play?

What are the consequences of STOP codons moving into the ribosomal A-site during protein synthesis termination?

Where does the addition of a 3 poly-adenylation tail occur in eukaryote genomes?

Which component recognizes specific signal sequences in mRNA for regulating gene expression?

What is the main role of a 5 cap on mRNA molecules?

During protein biosynthesis, which step involves the addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end of the growing peptide chain?

What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in protein biosynthesis?

What type of mutation involves the deletion or insertion of 1 or 2 nucleotides in a codon?

Which type of mutation involves the removal of 'introns' from pre-mRNA?

What is the consequence of errors during DNA replication, such as those occurring during meiosis?

Which factor is responsible for causing damage to DNA, leading to spontaneous mutations?

What specific amino acid change occurs in the β-globin protein due to a mutation (E22V)?

What type of mutation occurs when the codon containing the changed base may code for a different amino acid?

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to protein synthesis?

What is the primary symptom of sickle cell anemia as described in the text?

Which organelle is primarily associated with synthesizing proteins meant for export from the cell?

Which protein synthesis mutation leads to the codon containing the changed base becoming a termination codon?

What is the role of phosphorylation in post-translational modifications of proteins?

Which process contributes to protein maturation by promoting folding and stabilizing proteins?

In humans, what is the main cause of sickle cell anemia?

What is the impact of a nonsense mutation in protein synthesis?

What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in eukaryotic cells during protein synthesis?

What is the primary function of targeting signals in protein synthesis?

How does hydroxylation contribute to post-translational modifications of proteins?

What is the role of GTP in the process of protein synthesis?

In protein translation, what does the P site of the ribosome primarily do?

Which component guarantees translation during protein synthesis by helping form each peptide bond?

What is the primary role of the E site of the ribosome during protein synthesis?

What is the purpose of folding and post-translational modifications (PTM) in protein synthesis?

Which component is responsible for binding an incoming Aminoacyl-tRNA according to the codon in the ribosome?

What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?

Which organelle is associated with synthesizing proteins intended for export from the cell?

What is the consequence of phosphorylation as a post-translational modification of proteins?

In protein biosynthesis, what is the function of hydroxylation as a post-translational modification?

What is the primary consequence of a nonsense mutation during protein synthesis?

What is the primary function of N-glycosylation in post-translational modifications?

What type of mutation involves a change in one amino acid of the β-globin protein from glutamic acid to valine (E22V)?

What type of mutation causes large-scale changes to proteins by either deleting or inserting 1 or 2 nucleotides?

Which mutation type involves changes in 'introns' removal from pre-mRNA, resulting in aberrant protein production?

What process is responsible for errors during DNA replication and damage to DNA by mutagens like radiation and carcinogens?

Which factor is likely to lead to spontaneous mutations by causing DNA damage and mutations?

What is the outcome of a newly synthesized protein?

Which characteristic describes the genetic code as being nonoverlapping and commaless?

What is the main cause of sickle cell anemia in humans?

What is the primary function of the 3 poly-adenylation tail in eukaryote genomes?

In protein synthesis, what role does the splicing step during post-transcriptional modification involve?

What type of nucleotides pair together in RNA?

What is the main purpose of protein sorting in the context of cell biology?

Which post-translational modification involves adding an acetyl group to proteins as described in the text?

In the context of protein synthesis, how does lipidation impact proteins?

What is a significant consequence of errors in protein sorting within a cell?

Which process contributes to protein maturation by promoting proper folding and stability?

What is the primary function of acetylation in post-translational modifications of proteins?