Cellular and Molecular Biology LEC 5: DNA and RNA

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Ribose sugar (correct)
  • Phosphate group
  • Nitrogenous base

What type of bond is present between guanine and cytosine in DNA?

  • Triple bond (correct)
  • Double bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Covalent bond

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

  • Forming a single-stranded structure
  • Directing nerve impulse transmission
  • Serving as a template for mRNA synthesis (correct)
  • Acting as a catalyst for enzymatic reactions

Which nucleic acid has a double helix structure?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the two strands of DNA arranged with respect to each other?

<p>Antiparallel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>It transfers amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

<p>It carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

<p>It is a single-stranded molecule 100 to 3000 nucleotides long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step of protein synthesis is the genetic information from DNA copied into mRNA?

<p>Transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a series of three adjacent bases in an mRNA molecule, known as a codon?

<p>Each codon codes for a different amino acid carried by tRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about DNA?

<p>DNA is involved in the synthesis of RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine in DNA?

<p>They contribute to the stability of the double helix structure of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

<p>RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed between the phosphate group and a sugar in the polynucleotide molecule?

<p>Phosphodiester bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, what components make up each nucleotide?

<p>Thymine, deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information to the ribosomes?

<p>mRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a series of three adjacent bases in an mRNA molecule, known as a codon?

<p>It codes for a specific amino acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step of protein synthesis is the genetic information from DNA copied into mRNA?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

<p>Forms the structure of the ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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