Cellular Anatomy and Cell Division Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following cellular structures with their primary functions:

Nucleus = Contains genetic material and controls cell activities Mitochondria = Produces energy through cellular respiration Lysosome = Digests waste materials and cellular debris Golgi apparatus = Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Match the phases of the cell cycle with their descriptions:

Interphase = Cell prepares for division and DNA is replicated Prophase = Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells

Match the following types of cellular division with their characteristics:

Mitosis = Results in two genetically identical daughter cells Meiosis = Involves two rounds of division and produces gametes Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles Telophase = Chromosomes de-condense and nuclear envelopes reform

Match the following types of cellular extensions with their functions:

Cilia = Move substances across the cell surface Flagella = Provide motility to the cell Microvilli = Increase surface area for absorption Cytoskeleton = Supports cell shape and facilitates movement Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of mitosis with their correct order:

Prophase = First stage where chromosomes become visible Metaphase = Second stage where chromosomes align at the equator Anaphase = Third stage where sister chromatids are separated Telophase = Final stage where two nuclei form Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their locations within the cell:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum = Studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum = Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis Centrosome = Organizes microtubules during cell division Chromatin = Found within the nucleus, consists of DNA and proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular processes with their definitions:

Protein synthesis = Process by which cells produce proteins Cell division = Process that results in the formation of new cells DNA replication = Copying of DNA to ensure each daughter cell receives a full set Cell differentiation = Process by which generic cells become specialized Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the nucleus with their purposes:

Nuclear envelope = Protects the nucleus and controls the entry/exit of materials Nucleolus = Ribosome production site Pores = Allow the transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus Chromatin = Contains DNA and associated proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events to their respective stages in cell division:

Chromosome alignment = Occurs during metaphase Cell membrane pinching = Occurs during cytokinesis Chromosome migration = Occurs during anaphase Chromosome decondensation = Occurs during telophase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular organelles with their roles in the cell:

Mitochondria = Energy production Golgi apparatus = Modification and packaging of proteins Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Lysosome = Waste breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the nucleus with their functions:

Nuclear envelope = Protects the nucleus Nuclear pores = Transport of materials in and out of the nucleus Nucleolus = Ribosome production Chromatin = Contains DNA for genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of interphase with their main activities:

G1 phase = Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication S phase = DNA synthesis and replication G2 phase = Preparation for mitosis Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell division types with their descriptions:

Mitosis = Division of somatic cells for growth and repair Meiosis = Division to produce gametes with half the chromosome number Cytokinesis = Final separation of daughter cells after mitosis Fertilization = Fusion of gametes to form a zygote Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of mitosis with their characteristics:

Prophase = Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear envelopes reform around two sets of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular structures with their respective attributes:

Cytoskeleton = Provides structural support and shape Flagella = Facilitates cell movement Cilia = Moves substances across the cell surface Microvilli = Increases surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events in the cell cycle with their corresponding phases:

S phase = DNA is replicated G2 phase = Preparation for cell division Prophase = Nuclear envelope disassembles Cytokinesis = Cell membrane pinches to create two cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of RNA with their functions in protein synthesis:

mRNA = Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes tRNA = Transfers amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain rRNA = Component of ribosomes working in protein synthesis snRNA = Involved in the processing of pre-mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cellular extensions with their functions:

Cilia = Move fluids across the cell surface Microvilli = Increase absorption surface area Flagella = Enable cell locomotion Pseudopodia = Facilitate movement and feeding in some cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their roles in cellular activities:

ATP = Primary energy currency of the cell DNA = Stores genetic information Proteins = Perform a variety of functions in the cell Lipids = Make up cell membranes and store energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular organelles with their primary functions:

Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP Nucleus = Contains genetic material Golgi apparatus = Modifies and packages proteins Lysosome = Digestive enzyme breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of mitosis with their sequence:

Prophase = Chromosomes condense and spindle forms Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear membranes begin to form around daughter nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of the cell cycle with their descriptions:

G1 phase = Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication S phase = DNA synthesis occurs G2 phase = Final preparation for mitosis M phase = Cell division occurs Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of cellular extensions with their respective functions:

Cilia = Movement of substances across the cell surface Flagella = Propels the cell forward Microvilli = Increase surface area for absorption Pseudopodia = Allow cell movement and capture of prey Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of chromatin with their roles:

DNA = Genetic blueprint for organism Histones = Protein that helps package DNA Nucleotides = Building blocks of nucleic acids Chromatin fibers = Condensed form of genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Match the events of cytokinesis with their corresponding characteristics:

Cleavage furrow formation = First visible sign in animal cells Cell plate formation = First visible sign in plant cells Separation into daughter cells = Final result of division Cytoplasmic division = Distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum with their types:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum = Site of protein synthesis Smooth endoplasmic reticulum = Lipid synthesis and detoxification Membrane-bound ribosomes = Produce proteins for export Free ribosomes = Produce proteins for use within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their roles in gene expression:

Nucleolus = Ribosome assembly RNA polymerase = Synthesizes mRNA from DNA template Ribosomes = Site of protein synthesis mRNA = Carries genetic information from DNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

Somatic cells = Diploid cells involved in growth and repair Gametes = Haploid cells specialized for reproduction Stem cells = Undifferentiated cells capable of specialization Epithelial cells = Cells that line surfaces and cavities Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of meiosis with their main events:

Meiosis I = Homologous chromosomes separate Meiosis II = Sister chromatids separate Prophase I = Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes Telophase II = Nuclear membranes form around four nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular structures with their associated descriptions:

Nucleus = Contains genetic material and controls cellular activities Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP Lysosome = Contains digestive enzymes for waste processing Golgi apparatus = Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of mitosis with their key events:

Prophase = Chromosomes condense and become visible Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the cell's equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear membranes reform around two sets of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of the cell cycle with their characteristics:

G1 phase = Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication S phase = DNA is replicated G2 phase = Further growth and preparation for mitosis M phase = Division of the cell through mitosis and cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to cell division with their definitions:

Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis Chromatin = Material composed of DNA and proteins in the nucleus Centrosome = Organelle that organizes microtubules during cell division Flagella = Long, whip-like structures that aid in cell movement Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of RNA with their functions:

mRNA = Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes tRNA = Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis rRNA = Makes up the major part of ribosomes snRNA = Involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cell extensions with their functions:

Cilia = Short, hair-like structures that move fluid across cell surfaces Microvilli = Increase surface area for absorption Flagella = Enable movement of the entire cell Pseudopodia = Extensions that enable cellular movement and feeding Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of meiosis with their main events:

Meiosis I = Homologous chromosomes separate Meiosis II = Sister chromatids are separated Prophase I = Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes Cytokinesis = Two daughter cells are formed after each meiotic division Signup and view all the answers

Match the structures found in the endoplasmic reticulum to their characteristics:

Rough ER = Studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis Smooth ER = Lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs Cisternae = Flattened membrane discs of the ER Lumen = Interior space of the ER where processing occurs Signup and view all the answers

Match the cellular processes with their definitions:

Protein synthesis = Process of translating mRNA into proteins Cellular respiration = Process of converting glucose into usable energy Endocytosis = Mechanism by which cells internalize substances Exocytosis = Process of releasing substances from a cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their respective phases in the cell cycle:

S phase = DNA double helix unwinds for replication G2 phase = DNA repair and final preparations for mitosis Prophase = Chromosomes become visible and spindle fibers form Cytokinesis = Cytoplasmic division resulting in two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes