lec 1 patho

What adaptation mechanism involves an increase in cell size without an increase in cell number?

Which of the following is a cause of pathologic hyperplasia?

What is a consequence of persistent metaplasia in tissues?

Which adaptation mechanism is characterized by the decrease in cell size and function?

What cellular alteration is indicated by the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells in an erythematous area of the lower esophageal mucosa?

Which of the following statements about physiologic hyperplasia is true?

What cellular process accounts for the reduction in size and function seen in atrophied cells?

Which adaptive cellular response is primarily observed in the uterus of a pregnant female?

Which of the following adaptations involves a change from one cell type to another due to stress?

What is a potential risk associated with bronchial epithelium exhibiting squamous metaplasia in a heavy smoker?

Vitamin A deficiency leads to which of the following conditions regarding epithelial tissue?

What is NOT considered a cause of atrophy?

What type of adaptation occurs due to diminished blood supply and leads to reduced cell function?

What type of injury does hypoxia directly contribute to in cellular health?

Which example best illustrates compensatory physiologic hyperplasia?

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to dysplasia?

Ischemia is characterized by which of the following situations?

What factor is NOT typically considered in the process of cellular adaptation?

What type of epithelium is expected to be found in patients with chronic irritation from smoking, especially in the respiratory tract?

Which of the following is a common consequence of a Vitamin A deficiency in epithelial tissues?

Atrophy can occur due to decreased workload or loss of innervations.

Pathologic hyperplasia is solely caused by hormonal stimulation.

Metaplasia is an irreversible change in cell type that decreases the cell's ability to cope with stress.

Physiologic hyperplasia occurs in response to tissue loss and repair, such as after partial liver resection.

Diminished blood supply and inadequate nutrition are recognized causes of cellular adaptation.

The process of autophagy is a mechanism leading to increased protein synthesis during atrophy.

Chronic ischemia can lead to both atrophy and pathologic changes in tissues.

Stem cells are reprogrammed during metaplasia to adapt to stress conditions.

Increased functional demand can trigger hypertrophy in tissues.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a form of pathologic hyperplasia induced by estrogen.

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to squamous metaplasia of the bronchi.

Oxygen deprivation only refers to a lack of oxygen due to ischemia.

Squamous metaplasia found in a chronic smoker is often considered an irreversible alteration.

Hyperplasia in the uterus during pregnancy is characterized by an increase in cell size.

Chronic exposure to chemical agents can lead to adaptive responses in epithelial cells.

The presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the lower esophagus is indicative of dysplasia.

Infectious agents are considered one of the causes of cellular adaptation.

Immunologic reactions have no role in cellular alterations.

Aging has no impact on tissue adaptation mechanisms.

Exposure to physical agents can disrupt normal cellular functions.