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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a labile tissue?
Which of the following is an example of a labile tissue?
- Bone Marrow (correct)
- Nerve Tissue
- Cardiac Muscle
- Liver
What distinguishes stable tissues from labile tissues?
What distinguishes stable tissues from labile tissues?
- Stable tissues are present in organs that are not exposed to the external environment, unlike labile tissues.
- Stable tissues do not undergo cell division, while labile tissues do.
- Stable tissues have a slower rate of proliferation compared to labile tissues. (correct)
- Stable tissues are capable of regenerating after injury, while labile tissues are not.
What is the primary characteristic of permanent tissues?
What is the primary characteristic of permanent tissues?
- They are the most common type of tissue in the body.
- They are capable of unlimited proliferation.
- They lack the ability to regenerate after injury. (correct)
- They can regenerate after injury through cell division.
Which of these tissues is NOT classified as a labile tissue?
Which of these tissues is NOT classified as a labile tissue?
Identify the tissue type that exhibits a continuous proliferative potential.
Identify the tissue type that exhibits a continuous proliferative potential.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of labile cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of labile cells?
Which of the following is a physiological adaptation that involves hypertrophy?
Which of the following is a physiological adaptation that involves hypertrophy?
Which of the following is an example of pathological hyperplasia?
Which of the following is an example of pathological hyperplasia?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about atrophy?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about atrophy?
Which of the following situations is NOT an example of metaplasia?
Which of the following situations is NOT an example of metaplasia?
What is the main difference between physiological and pathological adaptations?
What is the main difference between physiological and pathological adaptations?
Which type of cell adaptation is most likely to occur in response to chronic irritation or inflammation?
Which type of cell adaptation is most likely to occur in response to chronic irritation or inflammation?
Which type of cell adaptation is irreversible and can potentially lead to malignant transformation?
Which type of cell adaptation is irreversible and can potentially lead to malignant transformation?
Flashcards
Cell Adaptation
Cell Adaptation
Changes in cells to cope with stress or injury.
Labile Tissues
Labile Tissues
Tissues that continuously regenerate and proliferate.
Stable Tissues
Stable Tissues
Tissues that normally do not proliferate but can under certain conditions.
Permanent Tissues
Permanent Tissues
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Cellular Proliferation
Cellular Proliferation
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Labile Cells
Labile Cells
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Stable Cells
Stable Cells
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Permanent Cells
Permanent Cells
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Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy
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Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia
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Atrophy
Atrophy
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Metaplasia
Metaplasia
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Pathologic Adaptations
Pathologic Adaptations
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Study Notes
Cellular Adaptation
- Tissues are categorized into three groups based on their proliferative potential: labile, stable, and permanent.
- Labile tissues continuously proliferate. Examples include bone marrow, skin surface epithelium, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
- Stable tissues have a limited ability to regenerate when injured (except the liver). Examples include solid organs like the liver, kidney, and pancreas.
- Permanent tissues cannot regenerate. Examples include neurons and cardiac muscle cells.
Cellular Proliferation
- Cellular Proliferation: Refers to the continuous multiplication of cells.
- Examples: Bone marrow, surface epithelium of skin, GIT.
Adaptations
- Adaptations are reversible changes in a cell's characteristics (number, size, type, activity, or function) in response to environmental alterations.
- Two main types exist: physiologic and pathologic.
- Physiologic adaptations: Normal responses to hormones, chemical mediators, or mechanical stress (e.g., uterus during pregnancy, muscle hypertrophy).
- Pathologic adaptations: Responses to stress which allow cells to modify themselves and avoid damage, potentially jeopardizing normal function.
Types of Cellular Adaptations
1. Hypertrophy
- Definition: An increase in cell size, leading to an increase in organ size.
- Causes: Increased functional demand or hormonal/growth factor stimulation.
- Physiological examples: Uterus enlargement during pregnancy, muscle growth in weightlifters.
- Pathological examples: Cardiac enlargement due to hypertension, uterine hypertrophy during pregnancy.
2. Hyperplasia
- Definition: An increase in the number of cells in an organ.
- Causes: Growth factors or hormonal stimulation.
- Physiological examples: Breast development during puberty and pregnancy, uterus enlargement during pregnancy, liver regeneration.
- Pathological examples: Endometrial hyperplasia, benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Cancer Risk: Pathologic hyperplasia can be a risk factor for cancer. For instance, endometrial hyperplasia increases endometrial cancer risk.
3. Atrophy
- Definition: A decrease in organ size due to reduced cell size.
- Causes: Decreased workload, inadequate nutrition, or decreased hormonal stimulation.
- Physiological example: Aging.
- Pathological example: Muscle atrophy after immobilization or nerve damage.
4. Metaplasia
- Definition: A change where one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type better suited to withstand the adverse environment.
- Example: Cigarette smokers' respiratory epithelium transforming into stratified squamous epithelial cells.
- Further implications: Chronic gastric reflux can cause the stratified squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus to transform into gastric/intestinal-type columnar epithelium. Persistent metaplasia can lead to malignant transformation.
- Respiratory Squamous Metaplasia: Can lead to lung cancer.
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