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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
What role does the cell membrane play in cellular function?
What role does the cell membrane play in cellular function?
Which statement correctly describes the role of lysosomes in an animal cell?
Which statement correctly describes the role of lysosomes in an animal cell?
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Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by having ribosomes attached to its surface?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by having ribosomes attached to its surface?
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What is the primary function of a cell?
What is the primary function of a cell?
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Which of the following statements about cell theory is correct?
Which of the following statements about cell theory is correct?
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What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
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What is the role of apoptosis in the body?
What is the role of apoptosis in the body?
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What is the size relationship between cells and atoms?
What is the size relationship between cells and atoms?
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Which organelle is unique to plant cells and plays a critical role in photosynthesis?
Which organelle is unique to plant cells and plays a critical role in photosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
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How do multicellular organisms primarily use mitosis?
How do multicellular organisms primarily use mitosis?
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What is a key characteristic of unicellular organisms?
What is a key characteristic of unicellular organisms?
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Which structure in plant cells is responsible for nutrient storage and is usually much larger compared to animal cells?
Which structure in plant cells is responsible for nutrient storage and is usually much larger compared to animal cells?
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Which of the following processes creates sex cells in organisms?
Which of the following processes creates sex cells in organisms?
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What role does chlorophyll play in chloroplasts?
What role does chlorophyll play in chloroplasts?
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What defines specialized animal cells?
What defines specialized animal cells?
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What is the primary function of white fat cells in the human body?
What is the primary function of white fat cells in the human body?
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Which specialized plant cells are responsible for gas exchange?
Which specialized plant cells are responsible for gas exchange?
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Which type of fat cells is more abundant in the body?
Which type of fat cells is more abundant in the body?
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What is the role of conducting cells in plants?
What is the role of conducting cells in plants?
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What do brown fat cells primarily do?
What do brown fat cells primarily do?
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Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive system?
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the digestive system?
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What is the primary role of structural cells in plants?
What is the primary role of structural cells in plants?
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Which level of organization is directly above tissues in a multicellular organism?
Which level of organization is directly above tissues in a multicellular organism?
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What is the primary function of connective tissue?
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
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Which type of connective tissue connects bones to muscles?
Which type of connective tissue connects bones to muscles?
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What unique property does muscle tissue have?
What unique property does muscle tissue have?
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What is the role of nerve tissue in the body?
What is the role of nerve tissue in the body?
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Which of the following organs is part of the digestive system?
Which of the following organs is part of the digestive system?
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What organ system includes the stomach and intestines?
What organ system includes the stomach and intestines?
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What is the main function of the leaves in a plant?
What is the main function of the leaves in a plant?
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Which vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?
Which vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water in plants?
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What is the primary role of red blood cells?
What is the primary role of red blood cells?
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Which type of muscle cells is under voluntary control?
Which type of muscle cells is under voluntary control?
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What characteristic of red blood cells enhances their ability to transport oxygen?
What characteristic of red blood cells enhances their ability to transport oxygen?
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Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing pathogens?
Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing pathogens?
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What role do fat cells play in the body?
What role do fat cells play in the body?
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Which of the following statements about cardiac muscles is correct?
Which of the following statements about cardiac muscles is correct?
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What is the primary function of white blood cells?
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
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What feature is unique to nerve cells compared to other cell types?
What feature is unique to nerve cells compared to other cell types?
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Study Notes
Learning Goals for Cells Unit
- Define what a cell is
- Identify different cell types
- Understand cell size
- Understand the history of cells
- Know the functions of various organelles
- Differentiate between plant and animal cells
- Understand the terms multicellular and unicellular
Fun Facts about Cells
- 50 to 70 billion cells die daily to maintain health
- Cell malfunction leads to disease
- Cancer results from uncontrolled cell division or insufficient apoptosis (cell death)
Origin of Humans
- Humans originate from a single cell
Defining Cells
- Cells are the basic structural units of life
- Living organisms are composed of cells
- Matter is made up of atoms
- Cells come from pre-existing cells
Cell Characteristics
- Cells are only visible under a microscope
- Cells are larger than atoms
- Organisms are living things
- Microorganisms are tiny living things
- Each cell grows, reproduces, and eventually dies
Cell Theory
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic building blocks of life
- Cells come from other cells
Organelles
- Organelles are cellular components with specific functions inside the cell
- Examples of animal cell organelles include: mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, centriole, vacuole, lysosome
- Examples of plant cell organelles include: amyloplast, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome, golgi apparatus, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, mitochondria
To Do
- Draw and label a diagram of a plant and animal cell in your workbook
- Make the diagram colorful and easy to read
Different Organelles in an Animal Cell
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
The Nucleus
- Control center of the cell
- Controls all cellular activities, including the creation of new cells
- Contains the DNA
Cell Membrane
- Outer shell of the cell
- Encloses all organelles
- Holds the cell together
- Regulates what enters and exits the cell
- Similar to the inside membrane of an egg shell
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Site of all cellular activity
Ribosomes
- Produce proteins for cell growth and repair
- Not always considered organelles, as some aren't enclosed in membranes
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
- Prepares and packages materials to leave the cell
- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion
Mitochondria
- Powerhouse of the cell
- Releases energy from food to the cell
Vacuole
- May be numerous and small in animal cells
- Larger in plant cells
- Stores waste and chemicals within the cell
Lysosomes
- Gets rid of waste within the cell
- Contains digestive enzymes to eliminate waste
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Forms pathways around the cell for material transport
- Rough ER is covered with ribosomes and releases proteins.
- Smooth ER has few or no ribosomes and is a pathway for molecules within the cell.
Different Organelles in a Plant Cell
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
- Mitochondria
- Golgi apparatus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Lysosomes
Plant and Animal Cell Differences
- Plant cells have a larger vacuole
- Plant cells have a cell wall
- Plant cells have chloroplasts
Cell Wall
- Located outside the cell membrane
- Provides support to plant cells
- Like a plant's skeleton
Chloroplasts
- Contain chlorophyll in the green parts of plants
- Site of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
- How plants create their food
- Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen
Unicellular Cells
- Are prokaryotic cells
- Lacks a true nucleus
- Often bacteria cells
- Made up of a single cell
- Uses mitosis for reproduction
Multicellular Cells
- Are eukaryotic cells
- Have a nucleus
- Made up of many cells
- Use mitosis for growth and repair
Tissues
- Similar specialized cells working together for a specific task
- Examples: epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve tissues in animals
Organs
- Tissues organized into organs that have a specific job
- Multiple tissue types in structure
- Example: liver. heart
Organ Systems
- Organs grouped together for a task
- Examples: digestive, skeletal, nervous, reproductive
Specialized Animal Cells.
- Nerve cells transmit electrical signals.
- Muscle cells contract, causing movement.
- Blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Fat cells store energy.
Specialized Plant Cells
- Guard cells regulate gas exchange.
- Conducting cells transport water and nutrients.
- Root hairs increase water absorption.
- Structural cells provide support.
- Photosynthetic cells carry out photosynthesis.
Plant Organs
- Roots take water from soil.
- Stems support leaves and transport substances.
- Leaves carry out photosynthesis.
Vascular Tissue
- Xylem transports water from roots to the rest of the plant.
- Phloem carries glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Questions for Study
- Answer questions 1-6, 8, and 10 on page 85, and 7, 9, and 15.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to cells, including their definition, types, sizes, and functions of organelles. Additionally, it explores the history of cells and distinguishes between plant and animal cells. Test your understanding of multicellular and unicellular organisms, as well as the fundamentals of cell theory.
