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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
- Protein synthesis.
- Facilitating exchanges of materials and information. (correct)
- Photosynthesis in plant cells.
- Energy production through cellular respiration.
Which of the following is a primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Which of the following is a primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?
- Photosynthesis.
- Protein synthesis and modification.
- Energy production.
- Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure. (correct)
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in all cells?
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in all cells?
- Golgi apparatus.
- Chloroplasts.
- Endoplasmic reticulum.
- Ribosomes. (correct)
What distinguishes mitochondria from chloroplasts?
What distinguishes mitochondria from chloroplasts?
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Which organelles are involved in the modification and sorting of proteins and lipids?
Which organelles are involved in the modification and sorting of proteins and lipids?
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What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
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Which of the following correctly describes the endoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following correctly describes the endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?
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Study Notes
External Structures
- Plasma Membrane (Cytoplasmic Membrane): Thin layer surrounding all cells, made of lipids and proteins. It controls what enters and leaves the cell, providing protection.
- Cell Wall: Found in plant cells and some bacteria, this rigid layer surrounds the cell membrane, giving structure, protection, and maintaining cell shape.
Cytoplasm
- Cytosol (Cytoplasm): The liquid inside cells, it holds organelles in place and supports metabolic reactions.
The Nucleus
- The Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, and controls cellular activities.
Other Organelles
- Vacuoles: Membrane-bound sacs, often larger in plant cells. They store substances, dispose of waste, and maintain turgor pressure.
- Mitochondria: Double-membrane structures with inner folds. They are responsible for cellular respiration, the process of energy production.
- Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells, they are double-membrane structures with internal membranes called thylakoids. They are the site of photosynthesis.
- Golgi Apparatus: Composed of stacked flattened sacs and vesicles. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
- Ribosomes: Made of proteins and rRNA, these are involved in protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes extending throughout the cell. There are two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER. The ER is involved in protein synthesis, modification, and transportation.
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