Cells Chapter Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the photosynthesis process in plant cells?

  • Chloroplasts (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum

What distinguishes animal cells from plant cells?

  • Plant cells have larger vacuoles. (correct)
  • Plant cells contain chloroplasts. (correct)
  • Animal cells can produce their own food.
  • Animal cells have a cell wall.

Identify the function of a ciliated cell in an organism.

  • Provide immunity against pathogens.
  • Transport oxygen in the blood.
  • Support plant structure.
  • Facilitate movement of substances over surfaces. (correct)

Which of the following terms best describes a group of similar cells working together?

<p>Tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for the creation of new cells?

<p>Cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary structural characteristic of bacterial cells compared to animal and plant cells?

<p>They possess a rigid cell wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized cell is primarily adapted for absorption of water and minerals in plants?

<p>Root hair cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a collection of different tissues working together to perform a specific function?

<p>Organ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurones in the body?

<p>To conduct electrical impulses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure distinguishes plant cells from both animal and bacterial cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell

The basic building block of living things.

Plant cell

A type of cell that forms plants, having a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Animal cell

A type of cell that forms animals, lacking a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Bacterial cell

A type of cell that forms bacteria and has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

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Cell structure

The various components of a cell with specific functions.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells working together.

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Organ

A group of tissues working together for a specific job.

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Organ system

A group of organs working together for a specific function.

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Organism

An individual living thing.

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Ciliated cells

Cells with hair-like structures (cilia) that move substances.

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Root hair cells

Specialized cells in roots that absorb water and nutrients.

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Palisade mesophyll cells

Cells in leaves that carry out photosynthesis.

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Neurons

Cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system.

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Red blood cells

Cells responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.

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Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells).

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Plant cell structure

Tiny box-like structures in a plant stem, visible under a microscope.

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Magnification

Enlarging the appearance of an object, often used in microscopy to view cells.

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Cell size

A cell in a magnified image might appear large, but is much smaller in reality.

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Cell slice thickness

A plant stem slice thin enough allows light to pass, clearly showing individual cells.

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Cell function

Cells perform various specialized tasks within an organism.

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Ciliated cells

Cells with hair-like structures that move substances.

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Root hair cells

Plant cells in roots that absorb water and nutrients.

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Palisade mesophyll cells

Plant leaf cells that perform photosynthesis.

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Neurons

Cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system.

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Red blood cells

Cells responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.

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Gametes

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells).

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Study Notes

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Distinguishing Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells have a rigid cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole for storage, while animal cells lack cell walls and chloroplasts, with smaller vacuoles.

Ciliated Cells

Ciliated cells have hair-like cilia that beat rhythmically to move fluids in the respiratory and reproductive systems.

Tissues

Tissues are groups of similar cells performing specific functions, including epithelial (protective barrier), muscle (movement), nervous (information transmission), and connective (support).

Cell Division

Cell division, primarily mitosis, is the process of creating new cells from existing ones, ensuring growth, repair, and reproduction.

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