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Questions and Answers
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and forming channels to transport newly synthesized products in the cell?
Where does most protein synthesis occur in a cell?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for hydrolyzing macromolecules into monomers?
What term is used to describe organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins and are often referred to as the cell's 'protein factories'?
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In plant cells, which organelle is responsible for storing nutrients like protein, oils, and water?
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What is the main function of the cell wall?
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Which organelle is responsible for controlling all activities of the cell?
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What is the function of plastids in a cell?
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Which organelle is described as a tough, rigid layer surrounding some types of cells?
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What is the function of chromoplasts in a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Wall
- A tough, rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells
- Provides rigidity, tensile strength, structural support, protection against mechanical stress and infection
- Contains plasmodesmata for free passage of materials in and out of the cell
Cell Membrane
- Found in all plant and animal cells
- Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Supports and protects the cell, covering all internal organelles
Nucleus
- Found in all eukaryotic organisms, located at the center of the cell
- Controls all cell activities
- Contains the hereditary material of the cell
Cytoplasm
- A thick, clear, jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
Plastids
- Site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds
- Contain pigments used in photosynthesis, affecting cell color
Types of Plastids
- Chloroplasts: Found only in plant cells, site of photosynthesis
- Chromoplasts: Responsible for pigment synthesis and storage, giving colors to flowers and fruits
- Leucoplasts: Colorless, non-pigmented organelles
Mitochondria
- "Powerhouse of the cell", generating most of the cell's ATP supply
- Main site of cellular respiration
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Network of membranes and flattened sacs in the cytoplasm
- Two types: Rough ER (with ribosomes) and Smooth ER (without ribosomes)
- Rough ER: Site of most protein synthesis in the cell
- Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids, forms transport channels, and stores synthesized materials
Ribosomes
- Organelles facilitating protein synthesis
- Called the cell's 'protein factories'
Lysosomes
- Originate from the Golgi apparatus
- Contain digestive enzymes, break down macromolecules into monomers
Golgi Apparatus
- Also known as Golgi complex or Golgi body
- Processes, sorts, and modifies proteins
Vacuoles
- Fluid-filled membranous sacs, found in plant cells and unicellular animals
- Store nutrients like proteins, oils, and water
- Plant cells have large central vacuoles, animal cells have small temporary vacuoles
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Description
Test your knowledge on cell wall and cell membrane with this quiz. Learn about the functions and characteristics of these two important cell structures.
