Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors?

  • Penicillins, Cephalosporins
  • Vancomycin, Isoniazids
  • All of the above (correct)
  • None of the above

What are the examples of Penicillins?

Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin (Clavamox, Augmentin), Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin (Timentin)

What is the primary effect of Penicillins?

Cidal

What is the spectrum of Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, and Oxacillin?

<p>Narrow (G+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Amoxicillin?

<p>Broad (G+, some G-) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin?

<p>Very Broad (G+ and G-, including Pseudomonas) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of action for Penicillins?

<p>Inhibit transpeptidation of peptidoglycan by binding to polysaccharide chains; Activate cell wall lytic enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Cephalosporins?

<p>Cephalothin, Cefoxitin, Cefaperazone, Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, Cefotaxime</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Cephalosporins?

<p>Cidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Cephalosporins?

<p>Broad (G+, some G-) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Cephalosporins contain?

<p>A B-lactam ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you identify Cephalosporins based on their names?

<p>They always start with 'ceph' sound (i.e. ceph-, cef-, kef-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Vancomycin?

<p>Cidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Vancomycin?

<p>Narrow (G+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Vancomycin?

<p>Inhibit transpeptidation of peptidoglycan by binding to amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Isoniazid primarily used for?

<p>Mycobacterial infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of Isoniazid based on bacterial activity?

<p>Cidal if bacteria actively growing, Static if bacteria dormant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Isoniazid?

<p>Narrow - primarily mycobacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Isoniazid?

<p>Mechanism unclear; thought to inhibit lipid synthesis (especially mycolic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isoniazids are often given with what other drug?

<p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?

<p>Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, Oxazolidones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of Aminoglycosides?

<p>Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Gentamicin?

<p>Broad (G-, mycobacteria) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Aminoglycosides?

<p>Cidal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides?

<p>Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit and cause misreading of mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

A large group of antibiotics that target the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to bacterial death.

Penicillins

A class of cell wall synthesis inhibitors known for their effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting transpeptidation and activating cell wall lytic enzymes.

Penicillin G

A specific penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often administered via injection.

Penicillin V

A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, similar to Penicillin G, but can be taken orally. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

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Methicillin

A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).

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Oxacillin

A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly penicillinase-producing bacteria. It is often administered intravenously.

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Cloxacillin

A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often administered orally.

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Ampicillin

A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Often given intravenously or orally.

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Carbenicillin

A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It is often administered intravenously.

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Amoxicillin

A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It can be given orally or intravenously. It is commonly combined with clavulanate to widen its coverage.

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Azlocillin

A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often given intravenously.

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Mezlocillin

A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often given intravenously.

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Ticarcillin

A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often combined with clavulanate to enhance its activity.

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Cephalosporins

Another class of cell wall synthesis inhibitors known to target a wider range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, also inhibiting transpeptidation and activating lytic enzymes.

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Cefaclor

A cephalosporin used in intravenous and intramuscular administration, effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is often given in combination with other drugs.

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Cefoxitin

A cephalosporin used for intravenous or intramuscular administration, effective against a variety of bacteria, including some resistant strains.

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Cefoperazone

A cephalosporin used intravenously, known to be effective against a broad range of bacteria, including those found in the respiratory tract.

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Ceftriaxone

A cephalosporin given intravenously, known to be effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some penicillin-resistant strains.

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Cephalexin

A cephalosporin given orally, effective against a variety of bacteria, including some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Cefotaxime

A cephalosporin given intravenously, effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including many resistant strains.

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Vancomycin

An antibiotic targeting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, it differs from penicillins and cephalosporins in its mechanism of action.

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Isoniazid

A drug used in treating mycobacterial infections, targeting the synthesis of lipids in the cell wall.

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Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

A class of antibiotics that primarily target the synthesis of proteins in bacteria.

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Aminoglycosides

A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, leading to misreading of mRNA and bacterial death.

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Tetracyclines

A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the binding of Aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.

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Macrolides

A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, preventing translocation during protein synthesis.

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Chloramphenicol

An antibiotic known to inhibit protein synthesis through a different mechanism than other inhibitors of this group.

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Oxazolidinones

A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing the formation of the initiation complex in protein synthesis.

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Study Notes

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

  • Include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, and Isoniazids.

Penicillins

  • Class includes Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin (Clavamox, Augmentin), Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin (Timentin).
  • Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
  • Penicillin G, V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, and Cloxacillin have a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Amoxicillin have a broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin exhibit a very broad spectrum, working against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas.
  • Mechanism involves inhibition of transpeptidation in peptidoglycan synthesis and activation of cell wall lytic enzymes.
  • Known as B-Lactam antibiotics and often combined with clavulanic acid for enhanced effect.

Cephalosporins

  • Includes Cephalothin, Cefoxitin, Cefaperazone, Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, and Cefotaxime.
  • Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
  • Broad spectrum, targeting both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Mechanism mirrors Penicillins by inhibiting transpeptidation and activating lytic enzymes.
  • Possess a B-lactam ring and commonly start with the "ceph" prefix.

Vancomycin

  • Includes Vancomycin and Virginiamycin.
  • Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
  • Narrow spectrum, primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Mechanism involves inhibiting transpeptidation by binding to amino acids at a different site than penicillins.

Isoniazid

  • Drug name is Isoniazid.
  • Primary effect is cidal if bacteria are actively growing; static for dormant bacteria.
  • Narrow spectrum, particularly effective against mycobacterial infections.
  • Mechanism of action is unclear but believed to inhibit lipid synthesis, especially mycolic acids.
  • Often administered with Rifampin to enhance efficacy.

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

  • Include Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, and Oxazolidones.

Aminoglycosides

  • Includes Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Gentamicin.
  • Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria.
  • Streptomycin has a narrow spectrum, targeting aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
  • Mechanism of action involves binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA.

Tetracyclines

  • Includes Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline.
  • Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
  • Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, rickettsia, and chlamydia.
  • Mechanism involves preventing Aminoacyl-tRNA binding.

Macrolides

  • Include Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Azithromycin.
  • Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
  • Broad spectrum, effective against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Mechanism prevents translocation during protein synthesis.

Chloramphenicol

  • Drug name is Chloramphenicol.
  • Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
  • Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, rickettsia, and chlamydia.
  • Mechanism involves preventing transpeptidation during protein synthesis.

Oxazolidones

  • Include Linezolid.
  • Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell wall synthesis inhibitors including Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, and Isoniazids. This quiz covers their types, mechanisms, and effectiveness against various bacteria. Challenge yourself to identify the different classes and their specific features.

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