Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors?
What are Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors?
- Penicillins, Cephalosporins
- Vancomycin, Isoniazids
- All of the above (correct)
- None of the above
What are the examples of Penicillins?
What are the examples of Penicillins?
Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin (Clavamox, Augmentin), Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin (Timentin)
What is the primary effect of Penicillins?
What is the primary effect of Penicillins?
Cidal
What is the spectrum of Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, and Oxacillin?
What is the spectrum of Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, and Oxacillin?
What is the spectrum of Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Amoxicillin?
What is the spectrum of Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Amoxicillin?
What is the spectrum of Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin?
What is the spectrum of Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin?
What is the method of action for Penicillins?
What is the method of action for Penicillins?
What are Cephalosporins?
What are Cephalosporins?
What is the primary effect of Cephalosporins?
What is the primary effect of Cephalosporins?
What is the spectrum of Cephalosporins?
What is the spectrum of Cephalosporins?
What do Cephalosporins contain?
What do Cephalosporins contain?
How do you identify Cephalosporins based on their names?
How do you identify Cephalosporins based on their names?
What is the primary effect of Vancomycin?
What is the primary effect of Vancomycin?
What is the spectrum of Vancomycin?
What is the spectrum of Vancomycin?
What is the mechanism of action for Vancomycin?
What is the mechanism of action for Vancomycin?
What is Isoniazid primarily used for?
What is Isoniazid primarily used for?
What are the effects of Isoniazid based on bacterial activity?
What are the effects of Isoniazid based on bacterial activity?
What is the spectrum of Isoniazid?
What is the spectrum of Isoniazid?
What is the mechanism of action for Isoniazid?
What is the mechanism of action for Isoniazid?
Isoniazids are often given with what other drug?
Isoniazids are often given with what other drug?
What are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?
What are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?
What are examples of Aminoglycosides?
What are examples of Aminoglycosides?
What is the spectrum of Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Gentamicin?
What is the spectrum of Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Gentamicin?
What is the primary effect of Aminoglycosides?
What is the primary effect of Aminoglycosides?
What is the mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides?
What is the mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides?
Flashcards
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
A large group of antibiotics that target the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to bacterial death.
Penicillins
Penicillins
A class of cell wall synthesis inhibitors known for their effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting transpeptidation and activating cell wall lytic enzymes.
Penicillin G
Penicillin G
A specific penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often administered via injection.
Penicillin V
Penicillin V
A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, similar to Penicillin G, but can be taken orally. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Methicillin
Methicillin
A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often used to treat methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
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Oxacillin
Oxacillin
A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly penicillinase-producing bacteria. It is often administered intravenously.
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Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin
A penicillin with a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often administered orally.
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Ampicillin
Ampicillin
A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Often given intravenously or orally.
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Carbenicillin
Carbenicillin
A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It is often administered intravenously.
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Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
A penicillin with a broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It can be given orally or intravenously. It is commonly combined with clavulanate to widen its coverage.
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Azlocillin
Azlocillin
A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often given intravenously.
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Mezlocillin
Mezlocillin
A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often given intravenously.
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Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin
A penicillin with a very broad spectrum, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas. It is often combined with clavulanate to enhance its activity.
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Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins
Another class of cell wall synthesis inhibitors known to target a wider range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, also inhibiting transpeptidation and activating lytic enzymes.
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Cefaclor
Cefaclor
A cephalosporin used in intravenous and intramuscular administration, effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is often given in combination with other drugs.
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Cefoxitin
Cefoxitin
A cephalosporin used for intravenous or intramuscular administration, effective against a variety of bacteria, including some resistant strains.
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Cefoperazone
Cefoperazone
A cephalosporin used intravenously, known to be effective against a broad range of bacteria, including those found in the respiratory tract.
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Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone
A cephalosporin given intravenously, known to be effective against a wide range of bacteria, including some penicillin-resistant strains.
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Cephalexin
Cephalexin
A cephalosporin given orally, effective against a variety of bacteria, including some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Cefotaxime
Cefotaxime
A cephalosporin given intravenously, effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including many resistant strains.
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Vancomycin
Vancomycin
An antibiotic targeting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, it differs from penicillins and cephalosporins in its mechanism of action.
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Isoniazid
Isoniazid
A drug used in treating mycobacterial infections, targeting the synthesis of lipids in the cell wall.
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Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
A class of antibiotics that primarily target the synthesis of proteins in bacteria.
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Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides
A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, leading to misreading of mRNA and bacterial death.
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Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines
A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the binding of Aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.
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Macrolides
Macrolides
A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, preventing translocation during protein synthesis.
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Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic known to inhibit protein synthesis through a different mechanism than other inhibitors of this group.
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Oxazolidinones
Oxazolidinones
A class of protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing the formation of the initiation complex in protein synthesis.
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Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
- Include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, and Isoniazids.
Penicillins
- Class includes Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin (Clavamox, Augmentin), Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin (Timentin).
- Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
- Penicillin G, V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, and Cloxacillin have a narrow spectrum, effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
- Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, and Amoxicillin have a broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
- Azlocillin, Mezlocillin, and Ticarcillin exhibit a very broad spectrum, working against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas.
- Mechanism involves inhibition of transpeptidation in peptidoglycan synthesis and activation of cell wall lytic enzymes.
- Known as B-Lactam antibiotics and often combined with clavulanic acid for enhanced effect.
Cephalosporins
- Includes Cephalothin, Cefoxitin, Cefaperazone, Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, and Cefotaxime.
- Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
- Broad spectrum, targeting both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
- Mechanism mirrors Penicillins by inhibiting transpeptidation and activating lytic enzymes.
- Possess a B-lactam ring and commonly start with the "ceph" prefix.
Vancomycin
- Includes Vancomycin and Virginiamycin.
- Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
- Narrow spectrum, primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria.
- Mechanism involves inhibiting transpeptidation by binding to amino acids at a different site than penicillins.
Isoniazid
- Drug name is Isoniazid.
- Primary effect is cidal if bacteria are actively growing; static for dormant bacteria.
- Narrow spectrum, particularly effective against mycobacterial infections.
- Mechanism of action is unclear but believed to inhibit lipid synthesis, especially mycolic acids.
- Often administered with Rifampin to enhance efficacy.
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Include Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, and Oxazolidones.
Aminoglycosides
- Includes Neomycin, Kanamycin, and Gentamicin.
- Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria.
- Streptomycin has a narrow spectrum, targeting aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
- Primary effect is cidal (bactericidal).
- Mechanism of action involves binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA.
Tetracyclines
- Includes Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline.
- Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
- Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, rickettsia, and chlamydia.
- Mechanism involves preventing Aminoacyl-tRNA binding.
Macrolides
- Include Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Azithromycin.
- Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
- Broad spectrum, effective against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
- Mechanism prevents translocation during protein synthesis.
Chloramphenicol
- Drug name is Chloramphenicol.
- Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
- Broad spectrum, effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, rickettsia, and chlamydia.
- Mechanism involves preventing transpeptidation during protein synthesis.
Oxazolidones
- Include Linezolid.
- Primary effect is static (bacteriostatic).
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