Cell Types: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

  • To provide support and a framework for the cell to move things around in the cytoplasm (correct)
  • To regulate the flow of substances in and out of the cell
  • To contain DNA
  • To synthesize proteins

    • Which type of cell is characterized by the presence of a nucleus?

  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote (correct)
  • Multicellular organism
  • Single-celled organism

    • What is the function of the cell membrane?

  • To contain DNA
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To regulate the flow of substances in and out of the cell (correct)
  • To provide a framework for the cell to move things around in the cytoplasm

    • What is the fluid that occupies the space inside the cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>To use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is characterized by the presence of DNA in a nucleoid region?

    <p>Prokaryote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the specialized structures found in eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions?

    <p>Organelles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>To hold DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>The absence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the DNA molecule in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Circular, like a rubber band (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>To store genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their size?

    <p>Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer outside the cell membrane that provides rigid structural support?

    <p>Cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic and some eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To help the cell move (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a single-celled eukaryotic organism?

    <p>Protist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the component of the cell membrane that is made up of a phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why prokaryotes were the first cells to appear on Earth?

    <p>Because they have a more primitive structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the nucleoid region and the nucleus?

    <p>The nucleoid region is not membrane-bound, while the nucleus is (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They all have a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

    <p>To regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells would most likely have a flagellum?

    <p>A bacterium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Because they have more membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic unique to prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They have a circular DNA molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between archaea and bacteria?

    <p>There is no difference, they are the same type of cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Characteristics

    • Despite diversity in structure and function, all cells share certain characteristics.

    Cell Types

    • There are two main types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • Prokaryotes are small, simple cells that make up single-celled organisms, with bacteria being the most prevalent type.
    • Eukaryotes are larger, more complex cells that are often multicellular organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi.

    Common Cell Features

    • All cells have a cell membrane that provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
    • All cells have cytoplasm, the fluid that occupies the space inside the cell, where chemical reactions that enable life take place.
    • All cells have a cytoskeleton, a network of filaments that provide support and a framework for the cell to move things around in the cytoplasm.
    • All cells contain DNA, which contains the instructions for synthesizing all the cell's proteins, at some point in their life cycle.
    • All cells contain ribosomes, the molecular machines that use the instructions contained in the DNA to build all the proteins needed by the cell.

    Eukaryotic Cell Features

    • Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have specialized structures called organelles.
    • Organelles have their own membrane to partition them off from the rest of the cell and to allow them to specialize in a certain function.
    • An important example of an organelle is a nucleus, a specialized compartment found in eukaryotic cells for holding DNA.

    Prokaryotic Cell Features

    • Prokaryotic cells have DNA, but it is localized to one area of the cell, the nucleoid region.
    • The nucleoid region is not surrounded by a membrane and is therefore not a nucleus.
    • Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

    Cell Classification

    • Cells on Earth are categorized into two groups: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotes were the first cells to appear on the planet.
    • All prokaryotes are single-celled.
    • Examples of prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
    • Prokaryotes are smaller cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • DNA in prokaryote cells is circular, looping around itself like a rubber band, and found in the nucleoid region.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Eukaryotic cells emerged 1.5 billion years after prokaryotes.
    • The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a central control structure, the nucleus, where DNA is housed.
    • Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals, and fungi.
    • Eukaryotic cells can be part of multicellular organisms or single-celled organisms.
    • DNA in eukaryotic cells is linear, with ends, like a piece of spaghetti.

    Common Cell Structures

    • All cells have a cell membrane, which surrounds and defines the inner environment of the cell.
    • The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and additional components.
    • All cells also have ribosomes and cytoplasm.

    Additional Cell Structures

    • Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a protective cell wall, a rigid structural support outside the cell membrane.
    • Some cells have external appendages, such as cilia and flagella, which help with movement.
    • Flagella are long extensions that move back and forth to facilitate cell movement, as seen in sperm cells.

    Cell Classification

    • Cells on Earth are categorized into two groups: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotes were the first cells to appear on the planet.
    • All prokaryotes are single-celled.
    • Examples of prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
    • Prokaryotes are smaller cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • DNA in prokaryote cells is circular, looping around itself like a rubber band, and found in the nucleoid region.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Eukaryotic cells emerged 1.5 billion years after prokaryotes.
    • The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a central control structure, the nucleus, where DNA is housed.
    • Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals, and fungi.
    • Eukaryotic cells can be part of multicellular organisms or single-celled organisms.
    • DNA in eukaryotic cells is linear, with ends, like a piece of spaghetti.

    Common Cell Structures

    • All cells have a cell membrane, which surrounds and defines the inner environment of the cell.
    • The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and additional components.
    • All cells also have ribosomes and cytoplasm.

    Additional Cell Structures

    • Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a protective cell wall, a rigid structural support outside the cell membrane.
    • Some cells have external appendages, such as cilia and flagella, which help with movement.
    • Flagella are long extensions that move back and forth to facilitate cell movement, as seen in sperm cells.

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    Description

    Learn about the differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells, including their structure, function, and examples of organisms that belong to each category.

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