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Questions and Answers
What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Explain the process of binary fission and how it differs from mitosis.
Explain the process of binary fission and how it differs from mitosis.
Binary fission is the method by which prokaryotic cells divide, resulting in two identical cells, while mitosis is a more complex process used by eukaryotic cells to ensure equal distribution of chromosomes.
List three essential requirements for cell survival.
List three essential requirements for cell survival.
Energy source, water, and waste removal system.
Describe the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
Describe the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
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What is the endosymbiotic theory and what does it propose about eukaryotic cells?
What is the endosymbiotic theory and what does it propose about eukaryotic cells?
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What are autotrophs and how do they obtain energy?
What are autotrophs and how do they obtain energy?
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Differentiate between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Differentiate between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Types
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Prokaryotic Cells:
- Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Small, single-celled organisms with a simple structure
- Reproduce through binary fission
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Eukaryotic Cells:
- Compartmentalized structure with defined organelles
- Contains membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
- Evolved from prokaryotes
- Larger and more complex, can be single-celled or multicellular
- Divide by mitosis
Cell Requirements for Survival
- Requires energy source (light or chemicals)
- Needs a waste removal system
- Requires essential biomolecules: amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleic acids
- Needs ions, water, and nutrients for metabolism
Functions of a Cell
- Nutrient uptake from the environment
- Reproduction to ensure species continuity
- Growth for development and maintenance
- Waste removal to maintain homeostasis
- Reacting to external changes for survival and adaptation
Types of Organisms
- Autotrophs: Produce their own food using light, water, and carbon dioxide
- Heterotrophs: Obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Suggests eukaryotic cells originated when a bacterial cell was engulfed by a prokaryotic cell, forming an endosymbiotic relationship instead of being digested
Organelles and Their Functions
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Nucleus: Command center storing DNA information
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Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, or waste products
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Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins necessary for cellular functions
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Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) via aerobic respiration
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
- Smooth ER: Involved in lipid production and detoxification
- Rough ER: Has ribosomes on the surface, produces proteins for export
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Golgi Apparatus: Modifies proteins and lipids and facilitates their export to various cell locations
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Peroxisome: Engages in lipid and chemical detoxification; breaks down fatty and amino acids via oxidative reactions
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Nucleolus: Subspace within the nucleus responsible for ribosome production and assembly
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Lysosome: Breaks down cellular waste and recycles components for new cell formation
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Cytoskeleton: Composed of protein fibers, providing cell movement, shape, and stability
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cell biology with this quiz on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Learn about their structures, functions, and requirements for survival, as well as the types of organisms they form. This quiz tests your understanding of fundamental cell concepts essential for biology.
