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Questions and Answers
What characterizes passive transport mechanisms?
What characterizes passive transport mechanisms?
Which process allows water to pass through the cell membrane in large quantities?
Which process allows water to pass through the cell membrane in large quantities?
What is the main role of aquaporins in a cell?
What is the main role of aquaporins in a cell?
Which type of transport involves the engulfing of substances by the cell?
Which type of transport involves the engulfing of substances by the cell?
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Which element is a key component of nucleic acids?
Which element is a key component of nucleic acids?
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In what process do cells release particles into the extracellular space?
In what process do cells release particles into the extracellular space?
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What is the primary purpose of metabolism in the body's cells?
What is the primary purpose of metabolism in the body's cells?
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What best describes the role of nitrogen in biological molecules?
What best describes the role of nitrogen in biological molecules?
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Flashcards
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
The barrier between the cell's interior and exterior environments, controlling what enters and exits.
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without requiring energy. It follows the concentration gradient, moving from high to low concentration.
Simple Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
A type of passive transport where molecules move across the membrane through specific channels without the help of membrane proteins.
Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry
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Study Notes
Cell Transport Mechanisms
- Transport mechanisms are the pathways and processes cells use to move substances.
- The cell membrane acts as a boundary between the internal and external environments.
- Passive transport doesn't require energy; it relies on concentration gradients.
- Simple diffusion involves movement of ions and molecules from high to low concentration.
- Facilitated diffusion uses ion channels to help charged ions move across.
- Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane.
- Tonicity is the difference in osmotic concentration leading to water movement.
- Aquaporins are channels for rapid water movement across cell membranes.
- Active transport uses cellular energy.
- Endocytosis is a process where cells take in substances by engulfing them in a vesicle.
- Pinocytosis involves taking in fluids and solutes.
- Phagocytosis involves taking in larger substances.
- Exocytosis is the release of substances from inside the cell to the outside environment.
Biochemistry and Related Concepts
- Biochemistry studies chemical processes in living organisms.
- Structural biology examines the 3D structures of biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids).
- Enzymology focuses on how enzymes function.
- Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions that convert food into energy.
- Carbon is a major component of organic compounds.
- Hydrogen is an important fuel source for energy production.
- Oxygen is a vital part of water molecules and organic compounds.
- Nitrogen is an essential element in proteins.
Important Chemical Components
- Phosphorus is a major component of nucleic acids and high-energy compounds.
- Sulfur is found in amino acids and vitamins.
- Iodine helps regulate body temperature.
- Molybdenum is important for nitrogen incorporation in plants.
- Chromium is part of the insulin receptor.
- Selenium prevents the deterioration of certain compounds.
- Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
- Elements are pure substances composed of a single type of atom.
- Compounds are substances made of multiple different types of atoms.
- Ionic bonds form between ions with opposite charges.
- Covalent bonds involve atoms sharing electrons.
- Acids release hydrogen ions in solution and typically have a sour taste.
- Bases accept hydrogen ions and can be slippery and have a bitter taste.
- Buffers help maintain a stable pH in solutions.
- Electrolytes are substances that release ions in solutions; they're crucial for cell function.
- Bicarbonate helps regulate heart function.
- Calcium is a component of bones and teeth.
- Chloride helps maintain water balance.
- Magnesium is important for nerve and muscle function and the immune system.
- Potassium aids in electrical impulses in the body.
- Sodium helps with electrical signaling and water regulation.
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Description
Explore the various transport mechanisms cells use to move substances across their membranes. This quiz covers passive and active transport processes, including diffusion, osmosis, and vesicular transport methods like endocytosis and exocytosis. Test your knowledge of important terms and concepts related to cell biology and membrane physiology.
