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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of active transport?
What is the primary characteristic of active transport?
- It relies on diffusion to move substances.
- It occurs spontaneously without energy input.
- It requires energy to move substances. (correct)
- It moves substances along a concentration gradient.
Which of the following correctly describes the direction of movement in active transport?
Which of the following correctly describes the direction of movement in active transport?
- Across the membrane based on osmotic pressure.
- From high to low concentration.
- Through the cell membrane without energy.
- From low to high concentration. (correct)
What energy source is primarily used in active transport mechanisms?
What energy source is primarily used in active transport mechanisms?
- Potential energy from gradients.
- Kinetic energy from molecular movement.
- Chemical energy from ATP. (correct)
- Thermal energy from heat.
Active transport is essential for which of the following functions?
Active transport is essential for which of the following functions?
In which scenario would active transport be utilized by a cell?
In which scenario would active transport be utilized by a cell?
What percentage of energy utilized by cells is accounted for by the primary Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
What percentage of energy utilized by cells is accounted for by the primary Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
Which of the following tissues utilizes the highest percentage of energy for the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
Which of the following tissues utilizes the highest percentage of energy for the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
Why is the Na+/K+ ATPase pump crucial for neuron function?
Why is the Na+/K+ ATPase pump crucial for neuron function?
In addition to the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which other process contributes to cell membrane transport?
In addition to the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which other process contributes to cell membrane transport?
How does the energy consumption of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump compare in neurons and kidneys?
How does the energy consumption of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump compare in neurons and kidneys?
What is Avogadro's number?
What is Avogadro's number?
An osmole is defined as which of the following?
An osmole is defined as which of the following?
How many particles are in one mole of a substance according to Avogadro's number?
How many particles are in one mole of a substance according to Avogadro's number?
If a substance dissociates into three particles in solution, how many osmoles would 2 moles of that substance yield?
If a substance dissociates into three particles in solution, how many osmoles would 2 moles of that substance yield?
Which of these statements regarding moles and osmoles is incorrect?
Which of these statements regarding moles and osmoles is incorrect?
What type of substances can readily dissolve in the lipid bilayer?
What type of substances can readily dissolve in the lipid bilayer?
How does lipid solubility affect the rate of diffusion through the lipid bilayer?
How does lipid solubility affect the rate of diffusion through the lipid bilayer?
Which of the following substances is likely to diffuse easily through the lipid bilayer?
Which of the following substances is likely to diffuse easily through the lipid bilayer?
Which characteristic of a substance would hinder its diffusion through the lipid bilayer?
Which characteristic of a substance would hinder its diffusion through the lipid bilayer?
What is the primary barrier that lipid-soluble substances must navigate to enter a cell?
What is the primary barrier that lipid-soluble substances must navigate to enter a cell?
What process occurs when a molecule enters a channel and binds to a receptor on a protein carrier?
What process occurs when a molecule enters a channel and binds to a receptor on a protein carrier?
Which component is necessary for the transport of a molecule via a protein carrier?
Which component is necessary for the transport of a molecule via a protein carrier?
In which scenario would a molecule most likely bind to a receptor on a protein carrier?
In which scenario would a molecule most likely bind to a receptor on a protein carrier?
What is a likely characteristic of the receptor on the protein carrier?
What is a likely characteristic of the receptor on the protein carrier?
What role does the channel play in the transport process described?
What role does the channel play in the transport process described?
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Study Notes
Mole and Osmole
- A mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of atoms, which is 6.02214076 x 1023.
- An osmole is the number of osmotically active particles (molecules) that one mole liberates in solution.
Active Transport
- Active transport moves substances across the cell membrane against an electrochemical gradient.
- Active transport requires energy.
Primary Active Transport (Na+/K+ ATPase Pump)
- The Na+/K+ ATPase pump uses 24% of energy utilized by cells, 70% in neurons, and 90% in kidneys.
- It helps maintain cell volume and membrane potential.
Passive Transport: Diffusion Through the Lipid Bilayer
- Lipid soluble substances, like oxygen and nitrogen, can dissolve directly in the lipid bilayer.
- The rate of diffusion through the lipid bilayer is directly proportional to the substance's lipid solubility.
Passive Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion uses a protein carrier to transport molecules across the membrane.
- The molecule to be transported enters the channel and then becomes bound to a specific receptor on the protein carrier.
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