Cell Transport Mechanisms Quiz

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What caused the yellow circle of dead grass around where the ice cream maker was placed?

Was isosmotic to the grass cells

Froze the grass

Was hyperosmotic to the grass cells (correct)

Was hypoosmotic to the grass cells

What is the main component of an animal cell membrane?

Polynucleotides (correct)

Glycolipids

Aquaporins

Cholesterol

In an experiment with an artificial cell and a selectively permeable membrane, what happens when a 5M solution of glucose is injected into the cell and placed in water?

No net change in cell weight

Water moves into the cell (correct)

Glucose moves out of the cell

Water moves out of the cell

What would be the effect if glucose was injected into the artificial cell but it had a selectively permeable membrane allowing only glucose to pass?

No net change in cell weight Signup and view all the answers

Which substance could be responsible for killing the grass due to osmotic effects?

Salt Signup and view all the answers

What role does cholesterol play in the structure of an animal cell membrane?

Maintaining membrane fluidity Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without the use of energy?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

In the process of facilitated diffusion, what assists the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?

Carrier proteins Signup and view all the answers

What process is described by a symporter moving glucose and sodium into a cell?

Coupled transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the movement of glucose in the process described by a symporter?

Glucose moves against its concentration gradient into the cell Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect the cellular uptake of glucose?

Increases the number of glucose carrier proteins on the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules primarily compose the lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

When a 5M glucose solution is injected into a cell and then placed in a 10M glucose solution, what will happen?

Water will move into the cell Signup and view all the answers

Turgor pressure in plant cells is observed when the cell's environment is:

Hypoosmotic (lower solute concentration outside) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the sodium-potassium pump?

ATP binds to the protein, which becomes phosphorylated (ADP is released) Signup and view all the answers

Cyclodextrins are compounds that can remove cholesterol from cell membranes. Which effect is most likely to have a large impact on cells as a result of cyclodextrin treatment?

Increased permeability of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect membrane fluidity?

Temperature, cholesterol, types of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about osmosis is correct?

It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower water potential to a region of higher water potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of freeze-fracture technique?

To preserve and visualize embedded membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

During diapedesis, what role do cell adhesion molecules play?

They allow white blood cells to adhere to blood vessel walls and migrate across Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules would be affected by membrane potential in terms of directional movement?

Potassium (K+) Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition would the rate of diffusion of molecules be fastest?

Internal concentration of 50% and external concentration of 12% in warm temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diapedesis in the body?

To allow white blood cells to migrate into injured or damaged tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about freeze-fracture technique is incorrect?

It cuts the membrane into protein-sized components for viewing Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell when its internal solute concentration matches that of its environment?

It undergoes no changes as it is already in equilibrium. Signup and view all the answers

If a cell with a normal osmotic pressure of 4500 mmHg is placed in a solution with an osmotic pressure of 3500 mmHg, what will happen?

The cell will gain water, and its osmotic pressure will increase. Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, why is glucose not present in urine?

Glucose is actively transported back into the bloodstream by the GLUT transporters. Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with untreated diabetes mellitus, why is glucose present in urine?

The GLUT transporters become saturated, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in the kidney?

Glucose passively diffuses through aqueous pores formed by the GLUT transporters. Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, what prevents glucose from being excreted in urine?

The GLUT transporters in the kidney reabsorb all the glucose from the filtrate. Signup and view all the answers