Cell Transport Mechanisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What caused the yellow circle of dead grass around where the ice cream maker was placed?

  • Was isosmotic to the grass cells
  • Froze the grass
  • Was hyperosmotic to the grass cells (correct)
  • Was hypoosmotic to the grass cells

What is the main component of an animal cell membrane?

  • Polynucleotides (correct)
  • Glycolipids
  • Aquaporins
  • Cholesterol

In an experiment with an artificial cell and a selectively permeable membrane, what happens when a 5M solution of glucose is injected into the cell and placed in water?

  • No net change in cell weight
  • Water moves into the cell (correct)
  • Glucose moves out of the cell
  • Water moves out of the cell

What would be the effect if glucose was injected into the artificial cell but it had a selectively permeable membrane allowing only glucose to pass?

<p>No net change in cell weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance could be responsible for killing the grass due to osmotic effects?

<p>Salt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cholesterol play in the structure of an animal cell membrane?

<p>Maintaining membrane fluidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without the use of energy?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of facilitated diffusion, what assists the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?

<p>Carrier proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is described by a symporter moving glucose and sodium into a cell?

<p>Coupled transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the movement of glucose in the process described by a symporter?

<p>Glucose moves against its concentration gradient into the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect the cellular uptake of glucose?

<p>Increases the number of glucose carrier proteins on the cell surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules primarily compose the lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes?

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a 5M glucose solution is injected into a cell and then placed in a 10M glucose solution, what will happen?

<p>Water will move into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Turgor pressure in plant cells is observed when the cell's environment is:

<p>Hypoosmotic (lower solute concentration outside) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the sodium-potassium pump?

<p>ATP binds to the protein, which becomes phosphorylated (ADP is released) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclodextrins are compounds that can remove cholesterol from cell membranes. Which effect is most likely to have a large impact on cells as a result of cyclodextrin treatment?

<p>Increased permeability of the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affect membrane fluidity?

<p>Temperature, cholesterol, types of fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about osmosis is correct?

<p>It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower water potential to a region of higher water potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of freeze-fracture technique?

<p>To preserve and visualize embedded membrane proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During diapedesis, what role do cell adhesion molecules play?

<p>They allow white blood cells to adhere to blood vessel walls and migrate across (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules would be affected by membrane potential in terms of directional movement?

<p>Potassium (K+) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition would the rate of diffusion of molecules be fastest?

<p>Internal concentration of 50% and external concentration of 12% in warm temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diapedesis in the body?

<p>To allow white blood cells to migrate into injured or damaged tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about freeze-fracture technique is incorrect?

<p>It cuts the membrane into protein-sized components for viewing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell when its internal solute concentration matches that of its environment?

<p>It undergoes no changes as it is already in equilibrium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell with a normal osmotic pressure of 4500 mmHg is placed in a solution with an osmotic pressure of 3500 mmHg, what will happen?

<p>The cell will gain water, and its osmotic pressure will increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, why is glucose not present in urine?

<p>Glucose is actively transported back into the bloodstream by the GLUT transporters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with untreated diabetes mellitus, why is glucose present in urine?

<p>The GLUT transporters become saturated, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in the kidney?

<p>Glucose passively diffuses through aqueous pores formed by the GLUT transporters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, what prevents glucose from being excreted in urine?

<p>The GLUT transporters in the kidney reabsorb all the glucose from the filtrate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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