Cell Theory Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the role of the mitochondrion in a cell?

Regulates cell division

Produces energy through cellular respiration (correct)

Site of photosynthesis

Controls cellular transport

Which component of the cell is primarily responsible for controlling what enters and exits the cell?

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane (correct)

Golgi Apparatus

Nucleus

What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?

It remains the same as the parent cell

It doubles compared to the parent cell

It is halved compared to the parent cell (correct)

It increases by one

Which statement about cell theory is NOT true?

Cells are the largest unit of life. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What is the process used by cells to obtain water?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal cell placed in a highly salty solution?

It shrinks as water exits. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells regarding water intake?

Plant cells have cell walls that prevent bursting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transport processes does not require energy?

Passive transport Signup and view all the answers

Which example is not related to the concept of diffusion?

Cell membrane transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes?

Intracellular digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Lack of membrane-bound nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sclerenchyma cells in plants?

Providing rigidity and strength Signup and view all the answers

What is true about both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Both have cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What best describes diffusion?

Spontaneous movement from higher to lower concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of glycolysis?

Pyruvic acid Signup and view all the answers

What type of respiration occurs in Baker's yeasts when they are added to bread dough?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What causes muscle pain during strenuous activities when oxygen supply is low?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the final acceptor of hydrogen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect successful autoclaving?

Time, temperature, steam penetration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a selective culture medium?

To allow only specific bacteria to grow while preventing others Signup and view all the answers

Why is sunlight not effective for sterilization?

It is not sporicidal and therefore does not kill spores Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle includes the substages G1, S, and G2?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What role does mitosis play in living organisms?

Repair and replacement of old cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meiosis in organisms?

Formation of gametes for sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pilus in bacterial cells?

To transfer genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in a bacterial cell?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the flagellum in bacterial cells?

To enable movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes a plasmid?

It is a circular piece of DNA involved in antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

Where is the bacterial DNA located within the cell?

In the nucleoid region Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exocytosis in cells?

Releasing hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves white blood cells engulfing bacteria?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocytosis specifically involves the uptake of liquids and small particles?

Pinocytosis Signup and view all the answers

How is the magnification calculated if the objective lens is set at 40x and the eyepiece is 8x?

320X Signup and view all the answers

What is the total mass of the object measured using the triple beam balance?

453g Signup and view all the answers

How much liquid was drained from the burette based on the readings?

1.70 ml Signup and view all the answers

What does the third beam setting on the triple beam balance indicate?

Between 3g and 4g Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial reading on the burette before liquid is drained?

4.50 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observations can be concluded from the mass determination?

The second beam contributes significantly to the total mass. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell undergoes cytolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of a plant cell in a hypertonic environment?

It undergoes plasmolysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding animal cells in different solutions?

Animal cells can be cytolyzed in hypotonic solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes a plant cell in an isotonic environment?

It remains the same. Signup and view all the answers

What condition results when a plant cell is put in a hypotonic environment?

The cell becomes turgid. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

Three major ideas: all living things are made of cells, cells are the fundamental unit of life, all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Mitosis results in daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell; meiosis produces daughter cells with half that number.

Cell Structure and Parts

Key cell components include mitochondrion (energy production), nucleus (cell manager), cytoplasm (fluid inside), cell membrane (regulates entry and exit), Golgi apparatus (packages materials), and chloroplast (photosynthesis).
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, essential for capturing sunlight for photosynthesis.
The cell membrane acts as a barrier, controlling material exchange, while the nucleus oversees cell activities.

Transport Processes

Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high to low concentration; examples include dissolving substances in water.
Osmosis is the specific process of water movement through a semi-permeable membrane.
Cells use passive transport (no energy) and active transport (energy required) to exchange materials with their environment.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound nuclei and organelles, while eukaryotes possess these structures.
Both cell types contain cell walls, membranes, and cytoplasm; plasmids are exclusive to prokaryotes.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells convert food chemical energy into ATP; includes aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) pathways.
Glycolysis is the first step, breaking glucose into pyruvic acid.
Anaerobic respiration in muscles leads to lactic acid production during strenuous activity, causing pain.

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis: four phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) enable tissue growth and cell replacement.
Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction, occurring in the gonads.

Bacterial Cell Structures

Key components include chromosome, pilus (for genetic transfer), ribosome (protein synthesis), storage granule, flagellum (movement), plasmid (antibiotic resistance), cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, and capsule.

Impact of Solutions on Cells

Animal cells can undergo cytolysis in hypotonic solutions and plasmolysis in hypertonic solutions; remain unchanged in isotonic solutions.
Plant cells become turgid in hypotonic environments, retain shape in isotonic solutions, and plasmolyze in hypertonic surroundings.

Cell Processes

Exocytosis: release of hormones into the bloodstream.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: active absorption of molecules through vesicles.
Phagocytosis: white blood cells engulfing bacteria.
Pinocytosis: ingestion of liquids and small particles by cells.

Distinguishing Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells are characterized by chloroplasts, a large vacuole, and a cell wall.
Animal cells have small vacuoles and centrioles.

Magnification and Measurement

Total magnification can be calculated using the formula: MS = ocular lens magnification x objective lens magnification.
A pipette is used for liquid transfer.
Mass measurements can be determined using a triple beam balance; the sum of the values from the beams indicates the object's mass.
Liquid volume can be measured using a burette by noting the difference in readings before and after draining.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell theory and its fundamental concepts. This quiz covers the essential ideas, including the nature of cells, their functions, and the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Understand how these principles are foundational in biology.