Cell Theory Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a single chromosome.
  • Eukaryotic cells are always unicellular.
  • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. (correct)
  • Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes.

    • Which of the following organisms is classified under Domain Eukarya?

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Archaea
  • Mushrooms (correct)

    • What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

  • Peptidoglycan (correct)
  • Chitin
  • Cellulose
  • Protein

    • Which of the following is true about ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They are present in most eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is exclusively associated with the green algae among the examples provided?

    <p>It contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Production of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for processing and packaging proteins?

    <p>Golgi body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lysosomes play in the cell?

    <p>Waste collection and recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?

    <p>They are single-celled organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is not found in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Golgi body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the cytoplasm and bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes organisms that are single-celled and lack membrane-bound organelles?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of environment can prokaryotic organisms inhabit?

    <p>All types of environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape and organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cytoplasm?

    <p>Gelatinous liquid containing water and organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for maintaining the shape of plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>It appears rough due to ribosomes on its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if the nucleus is non-existent in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>The cell won’t work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do mitochondria serve in the cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle 'Omnis cellula e cellula' imply?

    <p>Every cell originates from a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a unicellular organism?

    <p>An organism composed of one cell for all its functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT one of the three principles of cell theory?

    <p>Cells can arise from non-living materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>To generate energy necessary to power cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the plasma membrane play in a cell?

    <p>It separates the cell's interior from its external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vacuoles in a cell?

    <p>Storage of different materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cells is accurate?

    <p>Cells contain hereditary material to pass on to daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately defines a multicellular organism?

    <p>An organism composed of more than one cell with specialized functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution is Robert Hooke known for?

    <p>Observing cork cells and naming them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with inventing the compound microscope?

    <p>Zacharias Janssen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable theory did Francesco Redi disprove?

    <p>The spontaneous generation theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is regarded as the father of microbiology?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Matthias Jacob Schleiden made significant contributions to which area of biology?

    <p>Cell theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Theodor Schwann contribute to biology?

    <p>Defined the cell as the basic unit of animal structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core idea proposed by Rudolf Virchow related to cells?

    <p>All cells come from pre-existing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these scientists is known for examining very thin slices of cork?

    <p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms, with the human body containing trillions of cells.
    • Key scientists in the development of cell theory include:
      • Zacharias Janssen: Dutch spectacle-maker, credited with inventing the compound microscope.
      • Robert Hooke: English scientist who first observed cells in cork and named them "cells."
      • Francesco Redi: Italian biologist who disproved the spontaneous generation theory.
      • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Father of microbiology, observed microorganisms with his microscope.
      • Matthias Schleiden: Proposed that all plants are composed of cells.
      • Theodor Schwann: Defined cells as the basic unit of animal structure.
      • Rudolf Virchow: Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells, coining "Omnis cellula e cellula."

    Principles of Cell Theory

    • All living organisms are composed of cells, which can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (more than one cell).
    • Cells are the basic unit of life, serving as the smallest structural and functional unit.
    • Cells arise from pre-existing cells, containing hereditary material transferred during cell division.

    Structures and Functions of Cells

    • The cell is the lowest structural level capable of performing all life activities.
    • Major cell components include:
      • Plasma Membrane: Separates the cell interior from the external environment; regulates entry and exit of substances.
      • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, shape, and facilitates internal organization and movement.
      • Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance within the cell, composed of water, salts, and organic molecules.
      • Cell Wall: Rigid structure providing shape and preventing bursting, found in plant cells.

    Organelles and Their Functions

    • Nucleus: Prominent organelle housing genetic material, essential for cell function.
    • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis factories using mRNA instructions; present in all cell types.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER synthesizes proteins; Smooth ER produces lipids.
    • Golgi Body: Processes, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export.
    • Lysosomes: Cellular "garbage collectors" that degrade worn-out cell parts.
    • Mitochondria: Energy powerhouse responsible for producing ATP.
    • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells; contains chlorophyll for capturing sunlight.

    Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

    • Prokaryotic Cells: Single-celled organisms, lack membrane-bound organelles, and are metabolically diverse. Includes bacteria (Domains Archaea and Bacteria).
    • Eukaryotic Cells: Contain organized nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, found in Domain Eukarya, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

    Distinguishing Features

    • Ribosomes differ:
      • Eukaryotic: Present in most eukaryotic cells, involved in protein synthesis.
      • Prokaryotic: Present in almost all prokaryotic cells, functioning similarly.
    • Cell Walls:
      • Eukaryotic: Made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi.
      • Prokaryotic: Composed of peptidoglycan.

    Examples of Protists

    • Green Algae: Diverse group primarily found in freshwater ecosystems.
    • Mushrooms: Spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi, grow above ground and lack chlorophyll.

    These points encapsulate the essential knowledge about cell theory, cell structures, and functions, along with the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, which explains that all living organisms are made up of cells. This quiz covers the key scientists who contributed to the development of this theory and the principles that define cellular life. Test your understanding of these pivotal ideas in biology.

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