Questions and Answers
What is a key distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following organisms is classified under Domain Eukarya?
What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic is exclusively associated with the green algae among the examples provided?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for processing and packaging proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do lysosomes play in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organelle is not found in prokaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Where can ribosomes be found in eukaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which domain includes organisms that are single-celled and lack membrane-bound organelles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of environment can prokaryotic organisms inhabit?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of the cytoplasm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is essential for maintaining the shape of plant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Signup and view all the answers
What will happen if the nucleus is non-existent in a eukaryotic cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What function do mitochondria serve in the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the principle 'Omnis cellula e cellula' imply?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a unicellular organism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is NOT one of the three principles of cell theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the plasma membrane play in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of vacuoles in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about cells is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately defines a multicellular organism?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant contribution is Robert Hooke known for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist is credited with inventing the compound microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What notable theory did Francesco Redi disprove?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist is regarded as the father of microbiology?
Signup and view all the answers
Matthias Jacob Schleiden made significant contributions to which area of biology?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Theodor Schwann contribute to biology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a core idea proposed by Rudolf Virchow related to cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these scientists is known for examining very thin slices of cork?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms, with the human body containing trillions of cells.
- Key scientists in the development of cell theory include:
- Zacharias Janssen: Dutch spectacle-maker, credited with inventing the compound microscope.
- Robert Hooke: English scientist who first observed cells in cork and named them "cells."
- Francesco Redi: Italian biologist who disproved the spontaneous generation theory.
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Father of microbiology, observed microorganisms with his microscope.
- Matthias Schleiden: Proposed that all plants are composed of cells.
- Theodor Schwann: Defined cells as the basic unit of animal structure.
- Rudolf Virchow: Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells, coining "Omnis cellula e cellula."
Principles of Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of cells, which can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (more than one cell).
- Cells are the basic unit of life, serving as the smallest structural and functional unit.
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells, containing hereditary material transferred during cell division.
Structures and Functions of Cells
- The cell is the lowest structural level capable of performing all life activities.
- Major cell components include:
- Plasma Membrane: Separates the cell interior from the external environment; regulates entry and exit of substances.
- Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, shape, and facilitates internal organization and movement.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance within the cell, composed of water, salts, and organic molecules.
- Cell Wall: Rigid structure providing shape and preventing bursting, found in plant cells.
Organelles and Their Functions
- Nucleus: Prominent organelle housing genetic material, essential for cell function.
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis factories using mRNA instructions; present in all cell types.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Rough ER synthesizes proteins; Smooth ER produces lipids.
- Golgi Body: Processes, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export.
- Lysosomes: Cellular "garbage collectors" that degrade worn-out cell parts.
- Mitochondria: Energy powerhouse responsible for producing ATP.
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells; contains chlorophyll for capturing sunlight.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotic Cells: Single-celled organisms, lack membrane-bound organelles, and are metabolically diverse. Includes bacteria (Domains Archaea and Bacteria).
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain organized nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, found in Domain Eukarya, including protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Distinguishing Features
- Ribosomes differ:
- Eukaryotic: Present in most eukaryotic cells, involved in protein synthesis.
- Prokaryotic: Present in almost all prokaryotic cells, functioning similarly.
- Cell Walls:
- Eukaryotic: Made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi.
- Prokaryotic: Composed of peptidoglycan.
Examples of Protists
- Green Algae: Diverse group primarily found in freshwater ecosystems.
- Mushrooms: Spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi, grow above ground and lack chlorophyll.
These points encapsulate the essential knowledge about cell theory, cell structures, and functions, along with the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, which explains that all living organisms are made up of cells. This quiz covers the key scientists who contributed to the development of this theory and the principles that define cellular life. Test your understanding of these pivotal ideas in biology.
