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Questions and Answers
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis take place?
What is the main function of the cell wall?
What is the main function of the cell wall?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a component of both plant and animal cells?
Which of the following is NOT a component of both plant and animal cells?
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What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
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What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
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Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
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What is the name of the jelly-like substance that fills the cell?
What is the name of the jelly-like substance that fills the cell?
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Where is the cell's DNA located?
Where is the cell's DNA located?
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What is the function of the nucleolus?
What is the function of the nucleolus?
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Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
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What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living cells?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
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Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between organelles and cell function?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between organelles and cell function?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi Apparatus?
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Which of the following organisms is NOT a eukaryote?
Which of the following organisms is NOT a eukaryote?
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Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP?
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP?
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What type of cell division is characteristic of prokaryotes?
What type of cell division is characteristic of prokaryotes?
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What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
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Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?
Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cell membrane?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cell membrane?
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Which of the following organelles is found in both plant and animal cells?
Which of the following organelles is found in both plant and animal cells?
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Which of the following organelles is responsible for the movement of fluids across the cell's surface?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for the movement of fluids across the cell's surface?
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Which organelle is involved in pulling chromosomes apart during cell division?
Which organelle is involved in pulling chromosomes apart during cell division?
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What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?
What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?
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Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for secretion?
Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for secretion?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- All cells come from other cells
Types of Cells
- Unicellular: Composed of one cell
- Multicellular: Composed of many cells that organize into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Two Types of Cells
-
Prokaryotic:
- No nucleus
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Binary fission for division
- Unicellular organisms (bacteria)
- Cell walls, made of peptidoglycan
-
Eukaryotic:
- Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Mitosis for division
- Uni- or multicellular (animals, plants, fungi, protists)
- Cell walls (some): made of chitin or cellulose
Components of ALL Cells
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
Organelles
- Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells
- Work together for cell function, primarily protein production
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
- Structure:
- Surrounds all cells
- Made of two layers (phospholipid bilayer)
- Job:
- Controls what enters and exits the cell
- Maintains stable internal environment (homeostasis)
Cytoskeleton
- Structure: Threadlike fibers made of proteins
- Job:
- Gives the cell shape
- Moves organelles
- Provides structural support (in animal cells)
Cytoplasm
- Structure: Jelly-like substance, mainly water
- Job:
- Holds everything in place
- Provides a solution for chemical reactions
Nucleus
- Structure: Contains genetic material (DNA), chromatin (spread-out DNA), chromosomes (condensed DNA) surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane with pores.
- Job: Protects DNA and controls cell activities.
Nucleolus
- Structure: Inside the nucleus
- Job: Makes rRNA, a component of ribosomes
Ribosomes
- Structure: Made of proteins and rRNA, located on Rough ER and floating in cytoplasm
- Job: Makes proteins in a process called translation (export proteins or proteins used within the cell)
Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- Structure: Has ribosomes on its surface, hugs the nucleus
- Job: Makes proteins, packages them for secretion
Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- Structure: No ribosomes, attached to Rough ER
- Job: Makes lipids (membrane) and stores Ca+2
Golgi Apparatus
- Structure: Folded membrane
- Job: Gets vesicles of protein from the ER, processes, sorts, and ships proteins
Lysosomes
- Structure: Contains enzymes (animal cells only)
- Job: Breaks down dead stuff (food, bacteria, old parts of the cell), and does programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Vacuoles
- Structure: Small and numerous in animal cells, one large central one in plant cells
- Job: Storage (water, nutrients, waste)
Centrioles
- Structure: Made of microtubules, 2 centrioles together = centrosome (animal cells only)
- Job: Appear during cell division, help the cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart
Cilia and Flagella
- Structure: Cilia are short and numerous, like tiny oars; flagella are longer and fewer (1-3).
- Job: Cilia move fluid across the cell's surface; flagella move the entire cell through extracellular fluid
Mitochondria
- Structure: Inner membrane and matrix (fluid part)
- Job: Where cellular respiration happens (C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)), breaks down food to release usable energy.
Chloroplasts
- Structure: Grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid) (plant cells only)
- Job: Where photosynthesis happens (6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2), converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugar
Cell Wall
- Structure: Made of cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi), or peptidoglycan (bacteria) (plant, bacteria, and fungi cells only)
- Job: Protects and maintains cell shape
Central Vacuole
- Structure: One large central structure (plant cells only)
- Job: Storage center
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory and the different types of cells in this quiz. Learn about unicellular and multicellular organisms, and understand the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Test your knowledge on cell structures and their functions.
