Cell Theory and Types of Cells

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Questions and Answers

Which organelle is responsible for folding proteins after they are created by ribosomes?

Golgi apparatus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (correct)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes

What role do lysosomes play in immune cells?

They store genetic material.

They produce proteins for the cell.

They digest nutrients and pathogens. (correct)

They package proteins for export.

Which statement describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?

It creates ribosomes for protein synthesis.

It folds and modifies proteins produced by ribosomes.

It ships proteins to different parts of the cell or outside of it. (correct)

It degrades cellular waste products.

Which of the following statements is true regarding lysosomes?

They can digest nutrients and pathogens that enter the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered lysosomes and was awarded the Nobel Prize?

Christian de Duve Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesize lipid hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the Golgi apparatus?

It packages, addresses, and ships proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are signal peptides used for in cellular function?

To sort proteins to their proper location. Signup and view all the answers

How can vesicles be defined in the context of cellular function?

A package of lipids within a cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with discovering the Golgi apparatus?

Camillo Golgi Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of transport vesicles in the cell?

They rely on protein targeting for reaching their destination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of vesicles?

Bind to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of proteins does the Golgi apparatus modify?

Their phosphorylation and carbohydrate addition. Signup and view all the answers

What role do chloroplasts play in plant cells?

Perform photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the nucleus of a cell?

It contains most of the genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in a cell?

Detoxify harmful substances. Signup and view all the answers

How do plant central vacuoles aid in plant structure?

They maintain water pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What significant role does the nucleolus play within the nucleus?

It produces ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate analogy for describing the function of the nucleus?

A library containing information. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the purpose of chloroplasts?

Generate energy through carbohydrate production. Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of alcohols consumed is neutralized by peroxisomes?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes plant vacuoles from other organelles?

They occupy a large volume in the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

They lack membrane-bound compartments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of cell theory?

Cells are the basic structural unit of life. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is specifically characterized by the absence of a nucleus?

Prokaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for energy production within eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction primarily occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

Biologic Central Dogma processes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Presence of a rigid cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in protein synthesis?

Ribosome Signup and view all the answers

How do cells primarily reproduce?

By cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is always unicellular?

Prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in eukaryotic cells?

Peroxisome Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of a multicellular organism?

Humans Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomes play in a cell?

Digesting waste materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the size of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these structures is not part of a eukaryotic cell?

Plasmid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells.
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Most chemical reactions for life take place within cells.
Most living things are unicellular, or have one cell, but some are multicellular, or contain many cells that are often specialized.
Unicellular species are called microorganisms.
Cell theory encompasses these major ideas about cells.

Types of Cells

There are two main types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
An individual can have either eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells, but never both.
Prokaryotes are always unicellular, and do not have any membrane-bound compartments inside.
Prokaryotes are generally small.
Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotes can be multicellular or unicellular.
Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and algae.
Eukaryotic cells contain a system of compartments called organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are generally large.
The two types of eukaryotic cells are animal and plant.

Organelles

Mitochondria provide energy for cells.
Ribosomes make proteins by assembling amino acids.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) comes in two types: smooth and rough.
The rough ER is coated on the outside surface with ribosomes, and is where proteins are folded.
The smooth ER connects to the rough ER, and functions in lipid metabolism, synthesis of lipid hormones, absorption and transport of fats, and detoxification.
The Golgi apparatus packages, addresses, and ships proteins.
Lysosomes contain intracellular digestive proteins to digest nutrients that enter the cell.
Peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances like alcohol, formaldehyde, and free radicals.
Chloroplasts are found in plants and algae and perform photosynthesis.
Plant vacuoles maintain water pressure within cells, store water and waste materials, contain proteins to degrade polymers, store toxins, maintain cell pH, and push chloroplasts closer to the light.

The Nucleus

The nucleus contains most of the genetic material (DNA) of a cell.
The nucleus directs which proteins the ribosomes create through the genetic material.
The nucleus takes AND gives direction, as chemicals from other parts of the cell, organelles, hormones, and other chemicals outside of the cell communicate to the nucleus; the nucleus then directs ribosomal activity.
The nucleus does not control the entire cell directly, just the ribosomes.
The nucleolus is a body in the nucleus that creates ribosomes.

Protein Targeting

The process of sorting of proteins to the proper location is called protein targeting.
Signal peptides are chemical addresses on proteins that allow for their correct delivery.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory and the different types of cells. This quiz covers essential ideas, such as the composition of living things, the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the significance of unicellular and multicellular organisms. Test your understanding of cellular biology with this informative quiz!