Questions and Answers
All organisms are made up of one or more ______.
cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a true ______ membrane.
nuclear
Prokaryotic organisms belong to the kingdom called ______.
Monera
The transmission of genetic information is primarily carried out by ______.
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The classification of life based on nucleotide sequences was pioneered by ______.
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Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of a ______.
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In Eukarya, membrane-bound organelles are ______.
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Ribosome size in Eukaryotic cells is measured at ______.
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Prokaryotic cells have ______ DNA, while Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA.
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In an animal cell, a ______ is not present, unlike in plant cells.
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- All organisms consist of one or more cells: unicellular = one cell, multicellular = multiple cells.
- Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of life.
- Proposes that all cells arise from preexisting cells, as established by Virchow (1858).
- Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in gametes.
Modern Cell Theory
- Energy flows within cells, vital for metabolism.
- Similar chemical composition is shared among all cells.
- Genetic information is transmitted through DNA.
Cytological Terms
- Unicellular organisms are formed from a single cell.
- Multicellular organisms consist of two or more cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nuclear membrane.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear membrane.
- Eukaryotes possess a nucleus and include organisms like plants and animals.
- Prokaryotes are devoid of a nuclear membrane and include bacteria.
Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Whittaker's kingdoms classify life based on nutrition: Monera for prokaryotic, and Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia for eukaryotic.
- Woese's domains, based on nucleotide sequences, categorize life into Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: Eubacteria and Archaea; eukaryotic cells: Eukarya.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells contain both.
- Ribosome sizes differ: 70s (prokaryotic) vs. 80s (eukaryotic).
- Membrane chemistry varies: prokaryotes utilize fatty acids; archaea have isoprenoid structures.
- DNA structure: circular in prokaryotes; linear in eukaryotes.
Basic Parts of a Cell
- Cell Membrane: regulates internal environment.
- Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Structures: host various cellular processes.
- Endomembrane System: consists of membrane-bound organelles.
- Non-Endomembrane Structures: include ribosomes and centrioles.
- Cytoskeletal Elements: provide structural support.
- Nucleus: houses genetic material.
- Extracellular Components: includes protective coverings such as cell walls (in plants, fungi, bacteria) and capsules (in bacteria), which are absent in animal cells.
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Description
Explore the fundamental principles of Cell Theory through this quiz. Learn about unicellular and multicellular organisms, the structure and function of cells, and the progression to the Modern Cell Theory. Test your knowledge on mitosis, meiosis, and the chemical composition shared by all cells.
