Biology Chapter: Types of Organisms and Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is transpiration primarily responsible for in plants?

  • Providing structural support
  • Evaporation of water through the stomata (correct)
  • Regulating nutrient uptake
  • Storing energy

    • Which of the following factors is NOT directly involved in maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

  • Evaporation of sweat
  • Digestive absorption rate (correct)
  • Muscle contraction and relaxation
  • Regulation of blood pH

    • How does the hypothermic response contribute to homeostasis?

  • By regulating body temperature (correct)
  • By increasing blood acidity
  • By increasing heart rate
  • By promoting muscle spasms

    • What would likely occur if the heart stops for more than 6 minutes?

    <p>Potential loss of consciousness or death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system is primarily responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

    <p>Circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of embryonic stem cells?

    <p>They can specialize into any type of cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do adult stem cells play in the body?

    <p>They are limited to reproducing their original cell type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes meristematic cells?

    <p>Stem cells that produce new cells continuously in plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue serves as a protective barrier in the body?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of skeletal muscle tissue?

    <p>It is voluntary muscle that moves bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ligaments function in the body?

    <p>They connect bone to bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

    <p>It is found exclusively in the heart and operates involuntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of blood that serves in gas exchange?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To control what enters and exits the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes unicellular organisms?

    <p>They consist of a single cell and perform all life functions within that cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the size of a cell?

    <p>The inability to transport materials effectively if too large or too small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ribosomes play in the cell?

    <p>They make proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitochondrion?

    <p>To produce energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the cell's control center?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatin and when does it change into chromosomes?

    <p>It is composed of DNA and becomes more condensed into chromosomes during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do vacuoles primarily function as within a cell?

    <p>Storage tanks to hold materials to be processed or removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To obtain O<del>2</del> and release CO<del>2</del></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the excretory system?

    <p>Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do capillaries facilitate gas exchange?

    <p>They are one cell thick allowing diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about veins is true?

    <p>Veins have thinner walls and carry blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do nephrons play in the excretory system?

    <p>They filter waste products from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rabbits consume their own feces?

    <p>To digest undigested nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cellulose in human digestion?

    <p>It cleans the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the circulatory system primarily consist of?

    <p>Heart, blood vessels, and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using ultrasound for medical imaging?

    <p>Sound waves cannot penetrate bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a CT scan?

    <p>To form a 3-D image from x-ray images taken at different angles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically diagnosed using MRI?

    <p>Vascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nuclear medicine primarily create images of tissues or organs?

    <p>By attaching radioisotopes to chemicals absorbed by the tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a PET scan?

    <p>To detect cancer in tissues and evaluate treatment effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart's right atrium and ventricle?

    <p>Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does biophotonics primarily rely on?

    <p>Interaction of light with cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the small intestine play in digestion?

    <p>Finishes digestion of sugars and absorbs nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the accuracy of a medical diagnosis?

    <p>The presence of the patient's family during the diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the therapeutic uses of radioisotopes in nuclear medicine?

    <p>Killing cancer cells like in thyroid cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of roots in plants?

    <p>Support flowers and leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the flower in a plant?

    <p>Reproduction and seed production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the leaf is responsible for gas exchange?

    <p>Stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of the stem in plants?

    <p>Transporting water and providing support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced by the flower's male organs?

    <p>Pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Organisms

    • Unicellular organisms are single-celled, examples include amoeba and paramecium.
    • Multicellular organisms are made of many cells, examples include plants and animals.

    The Cell Theory

    • Cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms.
    • Cells perform all the functions of an organism.
    • All cells come from pre-existing cells. (e.g., mitosis, meiosis)

    Common Features of All Cells

    • All cells are surrounded by a membrane.
    • All cells use DNA for genetic information.
    • All cells use similar biochemical processes, like energy production.
    • All cells have a size limitation.

    Why Cells Have a Size Limitation

    • If a cell gets too large, biochemical reactions cannot occur efficiently, leading to cell death.
    • A smaller cell can more easily manage the traffic of materials entering and exiting the cell.
    • The control center (nucleus) can only effectively control a certain cell size. (e.g., a teacher can manage 30 students but not 1000)

    Cell Types

    • Plant cells
    • Animal cells

    Parts & Functions of the Animal Cell

    • Cell membrane: The outer covering of the cell. It controls what enters and exits the cell.
    • Cytoplasm: The liquid part of the cell. Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm, which is where nutrients are processed, absorbed, and transported.

    Flagellum

    • A whip-like tail attached to some cells. It propels the cell.

    Nucleus

    • The control center of the cell, containing genetic information (DNA).
    • DNA exists as chromatin, which condenses into chromosomes during cell division. Each cell contains the same genes.
    • Nucleolus is a dense center within the nucleus.

    Vacuole

    • Holding tanks containing substances, such as food and waste, that need to be broken down or removed.

    Mitochondrion

    • The powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place. Cellular respiration breaks down sugar in food for energy production using the chemical formula C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy.

    Ribosomes

    • Make proteins. Proteins are necessary for cell structure, chemical reactions (enzymes), and cell growth/reproduction.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • Rough ER : makes proteins to be used outside the cell, has ribosomes attached
    • Smooth ER: makes steroids, does not have ribosomes attached

    Golgi Apparatus

    • A packaging station that packages proteins made by the rough ER for transport in/out of the cell. It's like vacuoles but smaller.

    Lysosomes

    • Contain enzymes to break down waste inside the cell. They also destroy invading bacteria

    Centriole

    • Involved in cell division.

    Microtubules and Microfilaments

    • Provide structural support and enable cell movement.

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    Cells, Tissues, and Organs Unit PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of organisms and the fundamental concept of cell theory through this quiz. Learn about the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms, the defining features of cells, and the reasons behind size limitations in cells. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of cellular biology!

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