Biology Chapter: Types of Organisms and Cells

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The process of maintaining a stable internal body temperature.

The chemical process that converts food into energy.

The process of water moving from a region of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes to the outside environment.

Organisms made up of only one cell, like amoebas and paramecia.

Organisms composed of many cells, like plants, animals, and humans.

The basic unit of life, responsible for all functions within an organism.

All cells arise from pre-existing cells through processes like mitosis or meiosis.

The thin outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and exits.

The fluid inside a cell where organelles are suspended. It's the site of nutrient absorption, transport, and processing.

The control center of the cell that contains DNA, which dictates the cell's functions.

The powerhouse of the cell where energy is produced through cellular respiration.

Unspecialized cells that can divide and differentiate into various cell types.

Stem cells derived from an early-stage embryo. They have the potential to develop into any cell type in the body.

Stem cells found in adult tissues. Their differentiation potential is limited to the cell type of the tissue they originated from.

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

A structure composed of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

A group of organs that work together to carry out a major bodily function.

A collection of tissues that form a protective layer on the surface of the body or internal organs.

Connects, supports, and binds other tissues together in the body.

A medical imaging technique using sound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues.

A type of medical imaging that uses X-rays to create detailed 3D images of the body. It's helpful for diagnosing bone, soft tissue, and blood vessel problems.

A medical imaging technique that uses strong magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body. It excels at imaging soft tissues, organs, and the inside of bones.

A medical imaging technique that uses radioactive substances to create images of organs and tissues. It's valuable for diagnosing cancer and monitoring the effects of treatments.

A medical imaging technique that uses radioactive isotopes to create images for detecting cancer and examining the effects of cancer treatments.

A field of medicine that utilizes light interactions with cells and tissues to diagnose and treat abnormalities. Think of endoscopes using light to view the digestive tract.

The doctor ordering the correct test, the patient understanding and following instructions, the technician performing the test correctly, and the radiologist interpreting the images are all vital for accurate diagnoses.

The heart is a vital organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body, while the right side pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy and growth.

The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption. It receives partially digested food from the stomach and completes the breakdown process.

Roots anchor plants in the soil, absorb water, and transport it to the stem, while storing food produced in other parts of the plant.

Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis in plants, where sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.

The stem is the structural support of the plant, transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and flowers.

The flower is the reproductive part of a plant, responsible for producing seeds through sexual reproduction.

Cows lack the necessary enzymes to break down cellulose, a major component of plant matter. Instead, they rely on microorganisms residing in their digestive system to do the job.

Humans are unable to digest cellulose, but it plays a beneficial role in their digestive system by aiding in waste removal and maintaining gut health.

Rabbits have a unique digestive process where food is only partially digested the first time through. They re-ingest their own feces to fully digest undigested nutrients, maximizing nutrient absorption.

The respiratory system's primary function is to facilitate the intake of oxygen (O2) and the expulsion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

The circulatory system is the body's internal transportation network. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, working together to circulate blood throughout the body.

The excretory system plays a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys, the primary organs of the excretory system, remove waste to form urine. The skin also contributes to excretion by releasing water, salts, and urea in sweat.

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process is essential for gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.

The heart acts as the pump of the circulatory system, propelling blood through a network of blood vessels. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, while veins return deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen replenishment. Capillaries, tiny blood vessels, are where gas exchange occurs between blood and tissues.