Cell Theory and Key Scientists

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

  • Transport materials
  • Energy production
  • Protein synthesis (correct)
  • Digest waste

The Golgi Apparatus is involved in the synthesis of proteins.

False (B)

What is produced by mitochondria during respiration?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Vacuoles may contain up to ___% of the volume of plant cells.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

<p>Ribosomes = Synthesizes proteins Chloroplast = Responsible for photosynthesis Lysosomes = Digestive enzymes for waste Endoplasmic Reticulum = Processes and transports materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for providing structural support and maintaining cell shape?

<p>Cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes are characterized by having a nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rigid wall of plant cells made of?

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ is the scientific study of heredity and variation.

<p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary claim of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation?

<p>Living things can come from nonliving things (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Hooke was the first to observe microorganisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the idea of a cell and what was it derived from?

<p>Robert Hooke; it was derived from the word 'cellula'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The basic unit of life is the ______.

<p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist with their discovery or claim:

<p>Francisco Redi = Biogenesis Theodor Schwann = All animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow = Omnis cellula e cellula Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek = Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is associated with the cell theory?

<p>All organisms are made up of one or more cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cells discussed?

<p>Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The jelly-like substance in a cell that serves as the medium for reactions is called ______.

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist declared that all animals are made of tissues and cells?

<p>Theodor Schwann (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in processing and transporting newly made materials.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelles responsible for processing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration.

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Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and helps with movement and transport within the cell.

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Vacuoles

Storage compartments within cells that hold various materials, including water, nutrients, and waste products.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, providing structural support and protection.

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Chloroplast

Organelles responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy (sugars).

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Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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Cell Cycle

The process by which cells reproduce.

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Cell

The fundamental, self-contained unit of life; a structured, living entity performing essential life processes.

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Organelles

Sub-cellular components within cells that carry out specific functions.

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Theory of Spontaneous Generation

The outdated theory that living organisms could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter.

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Biogenesis

The idea that all living things arise from pre-existing living things.

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Francisco Redi

A scientist who disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation through experiments with meat in jars.

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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

A scientist who discovered microorganisms (animalcules) using a microscope.

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Matthias Schleiden

A scientist who discovered plant cells and their important components: cell walls and nucleus.

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Theodor Schwann

A scientist who established that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

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Rudolf Virchow

A scientist who discovered that cells originate from other pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula e cellula).

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, composed of water, salts, and enzymes; serves as a medium for chemical reactions.

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Study Notes

Cell Theory

  • Cell: Basic unit of life, involves all processes for sustaining life
  • Organelles: Subcellular components of cells
  • Levels of Cells:
    • Tissue: Group of similar cells
    • Organs: Group of different tissues; function specifically
    • Organ System: Organs working systematically for specific functions
    • Organism: Biological entity; composed of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
  • Spontaneous Generation: Disproven theory that living things arise from non-living things

Scientists

  • Francisco Redi: Experimentally disproved spontaneous generation
  • Robert Hooke: Coined the term "cell" observing cork cells
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Discovered microorganisms (animalcules)
  • Matthias Schleiden: Noted plant cells
  • Theodor Schwann: Observed animal cells
  • Rudolf Virchow: Proposed "omnis cellula e cellula" (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)

Cell Theory Summary

  • Organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of life
  • Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Cell Structure

  • Cell Membrane: Controls substance entry and exit; separates interior from exterior.
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell; medium for reactions
  • Nucleus: Houses cell's genetic material; contains pores
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth): Processes and transports materials (Rough: proteins; Smooth: lipids)
  • Golgi Apparatus: Processes, modifies, & packages proteins and lipids
  • Mitochondria: Energy-producing organelle (respiration); produces ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
  • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, moves, and transports cellular components
  • Vacuoles: Storage and transport
  • Cell Wall (plants): Rigid wall of cellulose, pectin and hemi-cellulose that maintains shape
  • Chloroplasts (plants): Site of photosynthesis; converts solar energy to chemical energy (glucose); produces oxygen
  • Lysosomes: Membrane bound organelles with digestive enzymes for waste material and debris

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  • Prokaryotes: Lack a membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., Bacteria, Archaea)
  • Eukaryotes: Have a membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., Fungi, Animals)
  • Prokaryotes: Have a single circular chromosome; Eukaryotes: Have multiple linear chromosomes in their nucleus

Cell Cycle

  • Organisms reproduce and are distinguished by reproductive ability
  • Heredity is the transmission of traits across generations
  • Variation is the noticeable differences between offspring
  • Genetics study heredity and variation
  • Cell division is the process where cells arise from pre-existing cells; multicellular organisms arise from a zygote

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