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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
- Transport materials
- Energy production
- Protein synthesis (correct)
- Digest waste
The Golgi Apparatus is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
The Golgi Apparatus is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
False (B)
What is produced by mitochondria during respiration?
What is produced by mitochondria during respiration?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Vacuoles may contain up to ___% of the volume of plant cells.
Vacuoles may contain up to ___% of the volume of plant cells.
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Which structure is responsible for providing structural support and maintaining cell shape?
Which structure is responsible for providing structural support and maintaining cell shape?
Prokaryotes are characterized by having a nucleus.
Prokaryotes are characterized by having a nucleus.
What is the rigid wall of plant cells made of?
What is the rigid wall of plant cells made of?
___ is the scientific study of heredity and variation.
___ is the scientific study of heredity and variation.
What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary claim of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation?
What is the primary claim of the Theory of Spontaneous Generation?
Robert Hooke was the first to observe microorganisms.
Robert Hooke was the first to observe microorganisms.
Who proposed the idea of a cell and what was it derived from?
Who proposed the idea of a cell and what was it derived from?
The basic unit of life is the ______.
The basic unit of life is the ______.
Match the scientist with their discovery or claim:
Match the scientist with their discovery or claim:
Which of the following statements is associated with the cell theory?
Which of the following statements is associated with the cell theory?
Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei.
Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound nuclei.
What are the two main types of cells discussed?
What are the two main types of cells discussed?
The jelly-like substance in a cell that serves as the medium for reactions is called ______.
The jelly-like substance in a cell that serves as the medium for reactions is called ______.
Which scientist declared that all animals are made of tissues and cells?
Which scientist declared that all animals are made of tissues and cells?
Flashcards
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
A network of membranes involved in processing and transporting newly made materials.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Organelles responsible for processing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
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Vacuoles
Vacuoles
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall
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Chloroplast
Chloroplast
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
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Cell
Cell
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Organelles
Organelles
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Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
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Biogenesis
Biogenesis
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Francisco Redi
Francisco Redi
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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
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Matthias Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden
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Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann
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Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cell: Basic unit of life, involves all processes for sustaining life
- Organelles: Subcellular components of cells
- Levels of Cells:
- Tissue: Group of similar cells
- Organs: Group of different tissues; function specifically
- Organ System: Organs working systematically for specific functions
- Organism: Biological entity; composed of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
- Spontaneous Generation: Disproven theory that living things arise from non-living things
Scientists
- Francisco Redi: Experimentally disproved spontaneous generation
- Robert Hooke: Coined the term "cell" observing cork cells
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Discovered microorganisms (animalcules)
- Matthias Schleiden: Noted plant cells
- Theodor Schwann: Observed animal cells
- Rudolf Virchow: Proposed "omnis cellula e cellula" (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)
Cell Theory Summary
- Organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane: Controls substance entry and exit; separates interior from exterior.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell; medium for reactions
- Nucleus: Houses cell's genetic material; contains pores
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth): Processes and transports materials (Rough: proteins; Smooth: lipids)
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes, modifies, & packages proteins and lipids
- Mitochondria: Energy-producing organelle (respiration); produces ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support, moves, and transports cellular components
- Vacuoles: Storage and transport
- Cell Wall (plants): Rigid wall of cellulose, pectin and hemi-cellulose that maintains shape
- Chloroplasts (plants): Site of photosynthesis; converts solar energy to chemical energy (glucose); produces oxygen
- Lysosomes: Membrane bound organelles with digestive enzymes for waste material and debris
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotes: Lack a membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., Bacteria, Archaea)
- Eukaryotes: Have a membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., Fungi, Animals)
- Prokaryotes: Have a single circular chromosome; Eukaryotes: Have multiple linear chromosomes in their nucleus
Cell Cycle
- Organisms reproduce and are distinguished by reproductive ability
- Heredity is the transmission of traits across generations
- Variation is the noticeable differences between offspring
- Genetics study heredity and variation
- Cell division is the process where cells arise from pre-existing cells; multicellular organisms arise from a zygote
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