30 Questions
What is one of the functions of cell-surface membranes?
Enzymatic activity
What is the name of the protein that HIV binds to in order to infect a cell?
CD4
What is the name of the molecule that plays a role in signal transduction?
Signaling molecule
What is the term for the process by which cells join together?
Intercellular joining
What is the name of the structure that cell-surface membranes can attach to?
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is the purpose of developing drugs that mask the CCR5 protein?
To treat HIV infection
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
The cell gains water.
What is the purpose of osmoregulation in organisms?
To control solute concentrations and water balance.
What is the function of a contractile vacuole in Paramecium?
To pump out excess water.
What happens to a cell without a cell wall in a hypertonic solution?
It shrivels up.
What adaptation do bacteria and archaea in hypersaline environments have?
Mechanisms to balance internal and external solute concentrations.
What is the term for a solution with a solute concentration equal to that inside the cell?
Isotonic.
What is the role of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition?
To recognize and bind to molecules containing carbohydrates on the extracellular surface
What determines the asymmetrical distribution of proteins, lipids, and associated carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?
The ER and Golgi apparatus
What is the result of a cell lacking CCR5 on its surface?
HIV cannot infect the cell
What type of bond holds carbohydrates to lipids or proteins?
Covalent bond
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in membrane synthesis?
To build the plasma membrane
What is the name of the protein that HIV uses to infect a cell?
CD4
What is the process by which a cell takes in macromolecules?
Endocytosis
What is the term for 'cellular eating'?
Phagocytosis
What is the term for 'cellular drinking'?
Pinocytosis
What is the process in which a cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole?
Phagocytosis
What is the purpose of the vacuole in phagocytosis?
To digest particles
What is the term for the process that is a reversal of exocytosis?
Endocytosis
What is the primary mechanism by which cotransport occurs?
The diffusion of an actively transported solute down its concentration gradient
What is the role of the proton pump in the cotransport process?
To pump H+ ions out of the cell, creating a proton gradient
What is the main difference between bulk transport and transport through the lipid bilayer or transport proteins?
The size of the molecules being transported
What is the process by which transport vesicles release their contents outside the cell?
Exocytosis
What is the primary function of secretory cells that use exocytosis?
To export their products
What is required for bulk transport to occur?
Energy
This quiz covers the various functions of cell surface membranes, including transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, and attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.
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