Cell Biology: Cell Membrane Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

  • To maintain cell shape and structure
  • To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell (correct)
  • To facilitate transport and signaling
  • To provide mechanical support and protection
  • What is the net ATP yield from the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?

  • 6 ATP
  • 4 ATP
  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 8 ATP
  • In which stage of cellular respiration does the breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA occur?

  • Fermentation
  • Glycolysis
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Citric Acid Cycle (correct)
  • What is the purpose of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>To facilitate transport and signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total ATP yield from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?

    <p>36-38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>The presence or absence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Membrane

    • Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
    • Composed of:
      • Phospholipid bilayer (double layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
      • Proteins (integral and peripheral) that facilitate transport, signaling, and cell-cell interactions
    • Functions:
      • Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell through passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (pumps, vesicle transport)
      • Maintains cell shape and structure
      • Provides mechanical support and protection
      • Plays a role in cell signaling and communication

    Cellular Respiration

    • Process by which cells generate energy from glucose (and other organic molecules)
    • Three stages:
      1. Glycolysis:
        • Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate (2 ATP, 2 NADH)
        • Takes place in cytosol
      2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
        • Breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA (2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2)
        • Takes place in mitochondria
      3. Oxidative Phosphorylation:
        • Generation of ATP through electron transport chain (30-32 ATP)
        • Takes place in mitochondria
    • Total ATP yield from glucose: 36-38 ATP

    Note: Cellular respiration can be aerobic (oxygen present) or anaerobic (oxygen absent), with aerobic respiration being more efficient.

    Cell Membrane

    • Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates what enters and leaves
    • Composed of phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
    • Proteins (integral and peripheral) facilitate transport, signaling, and cell-cell interactions
    • Regulates movement of substances through passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (pumps, vesicle transport)
    • Maintains cell shape and structure
    • Provides mechanical support and protection
    • Plays a role in cell signaling and communication

    Cellular Respiration

    • Process generating energy from glucose (and other organic molecules)
    • Three stages: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), and Oxidative Phosphorylation
    • Glycolysis:
      • Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
      • Occurs in cytosol
    • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
      • Breaks down pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
      • Occurs in mitochondria
    • Oxidative Phosphorylation:
      • Generates ATP through electron transport chain, producing 30-32 ATP
      • Occurs in mitochondria
    • Total ATP yield from glucose: 36-38 ATP
    • Can be aerobic (oxygen present) or anaerobic (oxygen absent), with aerobic respiration being more efficient

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    Test your knowledge of the cell membrane's structure, composition, and functions, including transport mechanisms and regulation of substances in and out of the cell.

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