6 Questions
What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the net ATP yield from the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?
2 ATP
In which stage of cellular respiration does the breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA occur?
Citric Acid Cycle
What is the purpose of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
To facilitate transport and signaling
What is the total ATP yield from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
The presence or absence of oxygen
Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves
- Composed of:
- Phospholipid bilayer (double layer of phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
- Proteins (integral and peripheral) that facilitate transport, signaling, and cell-cell interactions
- Functions:
- Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell through passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (pumps, vesicle transport)
- Maintains cell shape and structure
- Provides mechanical support and protection
- Plays a role in cell signaling and communication
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells generate energy from glucose (and other organic molecules)
- Three stages:
-
Glycolysis:
- Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate (2 ATP, 2 NADH)
- Takes place in cytosol
-
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
- Breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA (2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2)
- Takes place in mitochondria
-
Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- Generation of ATP through electron transport chain (30-32 ATP)
- Takes place in mitochondria
-
Glycolysis:
- Total ATP yield from glucose: 36-38 ATP
Note: Cellular respiration can be aerobic (oxygen present) or anaerobic (oxygen absent), with aerobic respiration being more efficient.
Cell Membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell that regulates what enters and leaves
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Proteins (integral and peripheral) facilitate transport, signaling, and cell-cell interactions
- Regulates movement of substances through passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (pumps, vesicle transport)
- Maintains cell shape and structure
- Provides mechanical support and protection
- Plays a role in cell signaling and communication
Cellular Respiration
- Process generating energy from glucose (and other organic molecules)
- Three stages: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), and Oxidative Phosphorylation
-
Glycolysis:
- Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
- Occurs in cytosol
-
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle):
- Breaks down pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
- Occurs in mitochondria
-
Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- Generates ATP through electron transport chain, producing 30-32 ATP
- Occurs in mitochondria
- Total ATP yield from glucose: 36-38 ATP
- Can be aerobic (oxygen present) or anaerobic (oxygen absent), with aerobic respiration being more efficient
Test your knowledge of the cell membrane's structure, composition, and functions, including transport mechanisms and regulation of substances in and out of the cell.
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