Cell Structures and Processes Quiz
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Cell Structures and Processes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?

  • Hydrophilic substances
  • Polar lipid-soluble substances
  • Hydrophobic substances
  • Non polar lipid-soluble substances (correct)

    • What is the process called when certain hydrophobic molecules require a special carrier molecule to move passively down a concentration gradient?

  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
  • Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion (correct)
  • Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion

    • What are the two types of channel-mediated facilitated diffusion?

  • Ion channels and water channels
  • Hydrophilic channels and hydrophobic channels
  • Carrier channels and protein channels
  • Leakage channels and gated channels (correct)

    • What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles called?

    <p>Osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of a solution to alter a cell's water volume called?

    <p>Tonicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process requires ATP and carrier proteins to move substances against a concentration gradient?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the membranous sacs used in vesicular transport called?

    <p>Vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Material breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia and flagella on the cell surface?

    <p>Move substances or the entire cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT one of the main structures of a human cell?

    <p>Extracellular Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest of the extracellular materials?

    <p>Extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoplasm?

    <p>To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cellular basis for the continuity of life?

    <p>Cell Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus?

    <p>To contain the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Determines blood group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about integral proteins?

    <p>They function as transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

    <p>Attachment to cytoskeleton &amp; extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the glycocalyx?

    <p>It functions as specific biological markers for cell to cell recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of cell junction?

    <p>Integral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle comes after Interphase?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of Mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the phases of Mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Interphase?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the cell cycle?

    <p>Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of Mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?

    <p>Hydrophobic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when certain hydrophobic molecules require a special carrier molecule to move passively down a concentration gradient?

    <p>Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles called?

    <p>Osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of facilitated diffusion involves transmembrane integral proteins that transport specific polar molecules too large for channels?

    <p>Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of facilitated diffusion involves aqueous channels formed by transmembrane proteins and selectively transports ions or water?

    <p>Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane?

    <p>It separates the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

    <p>It helps stabilize the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of membrane proteins?

    <p>Integral proteins and peripheral proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tight junctions?

    <p>They prevent molecules from passing through the space between cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To separate the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when substances move down their concentration gradient without the use of ATP?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the phases of Mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>Break down waste materials and cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?

    <p>Small, nonpolar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus?

    <p>Store and protect genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Maintaining the shape and structure of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus?

    <p>Storing genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest of the extracellular materials?

    <p>Extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia and flagella on the cell surface?

    <p>Aiding in cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?

    <p>Generating energy for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum called?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest organelle in the cell that contains DNA and serves as the control center for cell metabolic activity?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles called?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structures and Processes Summary

    • Active transport is a process by which substances are moved against a concentration gradient, requiring ATP and carrier proteins.
    • Vesicular transport is a form of active transport that uses membranous sacs called vesicles to transport large particles and fluids across the cell membrane.
    • The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.
    • Mitochondria are elongated, fluid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that produce most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration.
    • Ribosomes are small granules of RNA and protein that synthesize proteins, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex series of membranous channels involved in protein synthesis (rough ER) and lipid synthesis (smooth ER).
    • The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Peroxisomes are membranous sacs that contain detoxifying substances and play a role in the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.
    • Lysosomes are membranous sacs of digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions.
    • The cytoskeleton is an elaborate series of rods made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that maintain cell shape and aid in movement.
    • Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections on the cell surface that have a wavelike pattern of movement and are involved in moving substances or the entire cell.
    • The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell, containing DNA and serving as the control center for cell metabolic activity. It is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains nucleoli and chromatin.

    Cell Structures and Processes Summary

    • Active transport is a process by which substances are moved against a concentration gradient, requiring ATP and carrier proteins.
    • Vesicular transport is a form of active transport that uses membranous sacs called vesicles to transport large particles and fluids across the cell membrane.
    • The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.
    • Mitochondria are elongated, fluid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that produce most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration.
    • Ribosomes are small granules of RNA and protein that synthesize proteins, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex series of membranous channels involved in protein synthesis (rough ER) and lipid synthesis (smooth ER).
    • The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Peroxisomes are membranous sacs that contain detoxifying substances and play a role in the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.
    • Lysosomes are membranous sacs of digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions.
    • The cytoskeleton is an elaborate series of rods made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that maintain cell shape and aid in movement.
    • Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections on the cell surface that have a wavelike pattern of movement and are involved in moving substances or the entire cell.
    • The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell, containing DNA and serving as the control center for cell metabolic activity. It is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains nucleoli and chromatin.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structures and processes with this quiz! Learn about active transport, vesicular transport, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, and the nucleus.

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