60 Questions
Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?
Non polar lipid-soluble substances
What is the process called when certain hydrophobic molecules require a special carrier molecule to move passively down a concentration gradient?
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
What are the two types of channel-mediated facilitated diffusion?
Leakage channels and gated channels
What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles called?
Osmolarity
What is the ability of a solution to alter a cell's water volume called?
Tonicity
Which process requires ATP and carrier proteins to move substances against a concentration gradient?
Active transport
What are the membranous sacs used in vesicular transport called?
Vesicles
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
Energy production
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Material breakdown
What is the function of cilia and flagella on the cell surface?
Move substances or the entire cell
Which one of these is NOT one of the main structures of a human cell?
Extracellular Matrix
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the largest of the extracellular materials?
Extracellular matrix
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoplasm?
To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the cellular basis for the continuity of life?
Cell Theory
What is the main function of the nucleus?
To contain the DNA
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Determines blood group
Which of the following is true about integral proteins?
They function as transport proteins
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
Attachment to cytoskeleton & extracellular matrix
Which of the following is true about the glycocalyx?
It functions as specific biological markers for cell to cell recognition
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell junction?
Integral proteins
Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?
Endocytosis
Which phase of the cell cycle comes after Interphase?
Prophase
During which phase of Mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the correct order of the phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the main purpose of Interphase?
DNA replication
What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What are the stages of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?
Hydrophobic substances
What is the process called when certain hydrophobic molecules require a special carrier molecule to move passively down a concentration gradient?
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles called?
Osmolarity
Which type of facilitated diffusion involves transmembrane integral proteins that transport specific polar molecules too large for channels?
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
Which type of facilitated diffusion involves aqueous channels formed by transmembrane proteins and selectively transports ions or water?
Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion
What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
Which of the following is true about the plasma membrane?
It separates the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
It helps stabilize the membrane.
What are the two types of membrane proteins?
Integral proteins and peripheral proteins.
What is the function of tight junctions?
They prevent molecules from passing through the space between cells.
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
To separate the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.
What is the process called when substances move down their concentration gradient without the use of ATP?
Passive transport
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
Interphase
What is the correct order of the phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Break down waste materials and cellular debris
Which type of molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer in passive transport?
Small, nonpolar molecules
What is the main function of the nucleus?
Store and protect genetic information
What is the movement of solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Maintaining the shape and structure of the cell
What is the main function of the nucleus?
Storing genetic material
What is the largest of the extracellular materials?
Extracellular matrix
What is the function of cilia and flagella on the cell surface?
Aiding in cell movement
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
Generating energy for the cell
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
Ribosomes
What is the series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum called?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions?
Lysosomes
What is the largest organelle in the cell that contains DNA and serves as the control center for cell metabolic activity?
Nucleus
What is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles called?
Cytoplasm
Study Notes
Cell Structures and Processes Summary
- Active transport is a process by which substances are moved against a concentration gradient, requiring ATP and carrier proteins.
- Vesicular transport is a form of active transport that uses membranous sacs called vesicles to transport large particles and fluids across the cell membrane.
- The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.
- Mitochondria are elongated, fluid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that produce most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes are small granules of RNA and protein that synthesize proteins, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex series of membranous channels involved in protein synthesis (rough ER) and lipid synthesis (smooth ER).
- The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Peroxisomes are membranous sacs that contain detoxifying substances and play a role in the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.
- Lysosomes are membranous sacs of digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions.
- The cytoskeleton is an elaborate series of rods made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that maintain cell shape and aid in movement.
- Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections on the cell surface that have a wavelike pattern of movement and are involved in moving substances or the entire cell.
- The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell, containing DNA and serving as the control center for cell metabolic activity. It is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains nucleoli and chromatin.
Cell Structures and Processes Summary
- Active transport is a process by which substances are moved against a concentration gradient, requiring ATP and carrier proteins.
- Vesicular transport is a form of active transport that uses membranous sacs called vesicles to transport large particles and fluids across the cell membrane.
- The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid found between the plasma membrane and nucleus, containing cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.
- Mitochondria are elongated, fluid-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that produce most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes are small granules of RNA and protein that synthesize proteins, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex series of membranous channels involved in protein synthesis (rough ER) and lipid synthesis (smooth ER).
- The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, stacked membranous sacs that packages and processes products from the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Peroxisomes are membranous sacs that contain detoxifying substances and play a role in the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.
- Lysosomes are membranous sacs of digestive enzymes that break down materials in the cell, including bacteria, and perform metabolic functions.
- The cytoskeleton is an elaborate series of rods made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that maintain cell shape and aid in movement.
- Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections on the cell surface that have a wavelike pattern of movement and are involved in moving substances or the entire cell.
- The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell, containing DNA and serving as the control center for cell metabolic activity. It is enclosed by the nuclear envelope and contains nucleoli and chromatin.
Test your knowledge of cell structures and processes with this quiz! Learn about active transport, vesicular transport, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, and the nucleus.
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