Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
- The replication of DNA during cell division.
- The synthesis of a protein from amino acids.
- The formation of glycogen from glucose molecules.
- The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. (correct)
A cell is placed in a solution and gains water, causing it to swell. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?
A cell is placed in a solution and gains water, causing it to swell. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?
- Hypotonic (correct)
- Hypertonic
- Equilibrium
- Isotonic
Which of the following is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Which of the following is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
- Digesting cellular waste
- Synthesizing proteins
- Generating ATP
- Modifying and packaging proteins (correct)
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what process directly generates ATP?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what process directly generates ATP?
Which of the following fiber types composing the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting compression?
Which of the following fiber types composing the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting compression?
A signal molecule binds to a receptor on a cell surface and triggers a series of intracellular events that alter gene expression. This scenario best describes which type of cell signaling?
A signal molecule binds to a receptor on a cell surface and triggers a series of intracellular events that alter gene expression. This scenario best describes which type of cell signaling?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a cell surface receptor?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a cell surface receptor?
How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Flashcards
What is a cell?
What is a cell?
The basic unit of life, possessing essential components like a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
How do we study cells?
How do we study cells?
Microscopes are instruments used to visualize cells and their structures that are not visible to the naked eye.
Cell categories
Cell categories
Two main types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Selectively permeable?
Selectively permeable?
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Fluid mosaic?
Fluid mosaic?
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Catabolism
Catabolism
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Anabolism
Anabolism
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Free Energy
Free Energy
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Study Notes
- Critical thinking sections at the end of chapters are good for self-testing.
Cells
- Understand the basic definition of a cell.
- Identify the four essential components present in all cells.
Studying Cells
- Use microscopy to study cells.
- Know the different types of microscopes.
- Compare and contrast the two main types of microscopes.
Cell Categories
- Learn the two main categories of cells.
- Identify the common features of the two cell types.
- Discuss the differences between the two types of cells.
Parts and Organelles
- Identify the various parts and organelles within a cell.
- Know the function(s) of each of the following:
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Ribosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
- Peroxisome
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Cytoskeleton
- Plant cell wall structure
- Know the three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton.
- Know the relative sizes and general functions of each fiber.
Cell Connections
- Know the plant cell connections.
- Know the three types of other cell-cell connections.
Membranes
- Understand the meaning of selectively permeable.
- Know the meaning of a fluid mosaic membrane.
- Learn the types of membrane proteins and some of their functions.
Passive Transport
- Understand Diffusion
- Understand Osmosis
- Tonicity: isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
- Understand facilitated diffusion.
Active Transport
- Sodium-potassium pump
- Proton pump
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
Metabolism
- Define metabolism.
Catabolism
- Understand catabolic pathways and their role in breakdown processes.
Anabolism
- Understand anabolic pathways and their role in building molecules.
Energy
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
- Heat energy
- Chemical energy
Free Energy
- Free energy is the energy available to perform work.
- Understand how free energy relates to:
- Exergonic reactions
- Endergonic reactions
- Energy coupling
ATP
- Recognize the basic structure of an ATP molecule.
- Understand how ATP hydrolysis performs work within the cell.
Cellular Work
- Chemical work
- Transport work
- Mechanical work
Enzymes
- Define enzymes.
- Activation Energy: understand how enzymes lower activation energy for reactions.
- Substrate
- Active site
- Induced fit
- Cofactors
- Inhibitors
- Understand the regulation of enzymes.
Cellular Respiration
- Know the overall reaction for cellular respiration
Stages of Cellular Respiration
- Understand the basics, goal, and location of each stage of cellular respiration:
- Glycolysis
- Citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Fermentation
- Know reactions and differences (products, ATP production, etc) between fermentation and aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis
- Know the overall reaction for photosynthesis
- Know the structure of a chloroplast
- Understand how light is captured for photosynthesis (chlorophyll, etc.).
Light Reactions
- Split water; release O2; NADPH; ATP
Calvin Cycle
- Carbon fixation; reduction of CO2 to form 3-carbon G3P
Comparison
- Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Cell Communication
- Understand the terms ligand and receptor
- Identify and describe in detail each of the categories of cell signaling
- Identify and describe three types of cell surface receptors
- What are some necessary components of a cell surface receptor?
- Identify and describe two general types of signaling molecules
- Understand the signaling pathway
- List examples of cellular responses to a signal molecule
- Identify and describe examples of intracellular signaling in single-celled organisms
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